1、Designation:A181/A181M14Standard Specification forCarbon Steel Forgings,for General-Purpose Piping1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A181/A181M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revisi
2、on.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This specification2covers nonstandard as-forged
3、fittings,valve components,and parts for general service.Forgings made to this specification are limited to a maximumweight of 10 000 lb 4540 kg.Larger forgings may be orderedto Specification A266/A266M.1.2 Two classes of material are covered,designated asClasses 60 and 70,respectively,and are classi
4、fied in accor-dance with their mechanical properties as specified in 6.1.1.3 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand SI units.However,unless the order specifies the applicable“M”specification designation(SI units),the material shall befurnished to inch-pound units.1.4 The values
5、stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.Within the text,theSI units are shown in brackets.The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents;therefore,each system mustbe used independently of the other.Combining values from thetwo systems may res
6、ult in nonconformance with the specifi-cation.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A266/A266M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings forPressure Vessel ComponentsA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings,General Re-quirementsA961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements forSteel Flanges,F
7、orged Fittings,Valves,and Parts forPiping Applications3.General Requirements and Ordering Information3.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A961/A961M,including anysupplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchaseorder.Failure to com
8、ply with the requirements of SpecificationA961/A961M constitutes non-conformance with this specifi-cation.3.2 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in thepurchase order all ordering information necessary to purchasethe needed material.Examples of such information include butare not limited
9、to the ordering information in SpecificationA961/A961M and the following:3.2.1 Supplementary requirements,and3.2.2 Additional requirements(See 4.3,9.1,11.2,13.1,and13.2).3.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflictwith the requirements of Specification A961/A961M,therequirements of
10、this specification shall prevail.4.Materials and Manufacture4.1 Except for flanges of all types,hollow,cylindricallyshaped parts may be machined from hot-rolled or forged bar,provided that the axial length of the part is approximatelyparallel to the metal flow lines of the stock.Other parts,excludin
11、g flanges of all types,up to and including NPS 4 maybe machined from hot-rolled or forged bar.Elbows,returnbends,tees,and header tees shall not be machined directlyfrom bar stock.4.2 Except as permitted in 4.1,the finished product shall bea forging as defined in the Terminology section(exclusively)o
12、fSpecification A788/A788M.4.3 When specified in the order,the manufacturer shallsubmit for approval of the purchaser a sketch showing theshape of the rough forging before machining.4.4 Forgings shall be protected against sudden or too rapidcooling from the rolling or forging while passing through th
13、ecritical range.4.5 Heat treatment is neither required nor prohibited,butwhen applied,heat treatment shall consist of tempering,annealing,normalizing,or normalizing and tempering.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is th
14、e direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved Oct.1,2014.Published October 2014.Originallyapproved in 1935.Last previous edition approved in 2013 a
15、s A181/A181M13.DOI:10.1520/A0181_A0181M-14.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-181 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM
16、Standards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);5.Chemical Composition5.1 An analysis of each heat shall be made by the manufac-turer to determine the percentages of the elements specified inTable 1.The chemical composition thus determin
