1、Designation:E1132131Standard Practice forHealth Requirements Relating to Occupational Exposure toRespirable Crystalline Silica1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1132;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEAppendix X1 editorially corrected in August 2013.INTRODUCTIONSilicon dioxide(silica,SiO2)is encountered in nature and
3、 industry in a wide variety of forms.Theserange from essentially anhydrous types with or without a very high degree of crystallinity,to highlyhydroxylated or hydrated types which are amorphous by x-ray diffraction examination.Crystallinesilica2exists in a number of forms or polymorphs.The three majo
4、r forms,quartz,cristobalite,andtridymite,pertain to this practice.Quartz(or alpha quartz)is the more common form encountered asairborne particulates.Two of the polymorphs,cristobalite and tridymite,are formed at elevatedtemperatures and are much less common in nature,but might be encountered in seve
5、ral occupationswhere silicas are fired(calcined)at high temperatures.3These silica materials have a broad range ofphysical and chemical properties.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers a description of several actions thatshould be taken to reduce the risk of harmful occupationalexposures to humans in env
6、ironments containing respirablecrystalline silica.This practice is intended for,but not limitedto,industries regulated by the U.S.Mine Safety and HealthAdministration(MSHA)and the U.S.Occupational Safety andHealth Administration(OSHA).A separate practice,designedfor the unique conditions of the cons
7、truction industry has beendesignated Practice E2625.1.2 Nothing in this practice shall be interpreted as requiringany action that violates any statute or requirement of anyfederal,state,or other regulatory agency.1.3 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas the standard.No other units
8、 of measurement are included inthis standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulator
9、y limitations prior to use.It is the responsi-bility of the user to consult all material safety data sheets andlabels pertaining to any hazardous materials used in thisstandard.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D4532 Test Method for Respirable Dust in Workplace At-mospheres Using Cyclone Sam
10、plersE2625 Practice for Controlling Occupational Exposure toRespirable Crystalline Silica for Construction and Demo-lition Activities2.2 ANSI Standards:5ANSI/AIHA Z9.2 Fundamentals Governing the Design andOperation of Local Exhaust SystemsANSI Z9.7Z88.2 American National Standard Practice for Respir
11、atoryProtection1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E34 on Occupa-tional Health and Safetyand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E34.80 onIndustrial Heath.Current edition approved July 1,2013.Published July 2013.Originally approvedin 1999.Last previous edition approve
12、d in 2006 as E1132-06.DOI:10.1520/E1132-13E01.2Smith,Deane K.,Opal,cristobalite,and tridymite:Noncrystallinity versuscrystallinity,nomenclature of the silica minerals and bibliography,PowderDiffraction,Vol 13,1998,pp.118.3Miles,W.J.,Crystalline silica analysis of Wyoming bentonite by X-raydiffractio
13、n after phosphoric acid digestion,Analytical Chemistry Acta,Vol 286,1994,pp.97105.4For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page ont
14、he ASTM website.5Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 2.3 Code of Federal Regulations:629 CFR 1910.94,Venti
15、lation29 CFR 1910.134,Respiratory Protection29 CFR 1910.1000,Air Contaminants29 CFR 1910.1200,Hazard Communication29 CFR 1926.57 Ventilation29 CFR 1926.103 Respiratory Protection30 CFR 47,Hazard Communication30 CFR 56,Title 30,Subpart D,Air Quality,Radiation,andPhysical Agents(MSHA)42 CFR 84 Title 4
16、2,Part 84,Approval of RespiratoryProtective Devices,Tests for Permissibility,Fees2.4 NIOSH Publications:7Manual of Analytical Methods,4th Ed.,DHHS(NIOSH),Publication No.94-113,August 1994Method 7500 for Silica,Crystalline,Respirable(XRD)Method 7601 for Silica,Crystalline Visible AbsorptionSpectrophotometryMethod 7602 for Silica,Crystalline(IR)Method 7603 for Coal Mine Dust by IRGuidelines for the Use of the ILO International Classifica-tion of Radiographs2.5 Other References:American Thoracic So
