1、Designation:E136703(Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Toxicity of Sediment-AssociatedContaminants with Estuarine and Marine Invertebrates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1367;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopt
2、ion or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers procedures for testing estuarineor marine organisms in
3、the laboratory to evaluate the toxicityof contaminants associated with whole sediments.Sedimentsmay be collected from the field or spiked with compounds inthe laboratory.General guidance is presented in Sections 1 15for conducting sediment toxicity tests with estuarine or marineamphipods.Specific gu
4、idance for conducting 10-d sedimenttoxicity tests with estuarine or marine amphipods is outlined inAnnex A1 and specific guidance for conducting 28-d sedimenttoxicity tests with Leptocheirus plumulosus is outlined inAnnex A2.1.2 Procedures are described for testing estuarine or marineamphipod crusta
5、ceans in 10-d laboratory exposures to evaluatethe toxicity of contaminants associated with whole sediments(Annex A1;USEPA 1994a(1).Sediments may be collectedfrom the field or spiked with compounds in the laboratory.Atoxicity method is outlined for four species of estuarine ormarine sediment-burrowin
6、g amphipods found within UnitedStates coastal waters.The species are Ampelisca abdita,amarine species that inhabits marine and mesohaline portions ofthe Atlantic coast,the Gulf of Mexico,and San Francisco Bay;Eohaustorius estuarius,a Pacific coast estuarine species;Leptocheirus plumulosus,an Atlanti
7、c coast estuarine species;and Rhepoxynius abronius,a Pacific coast marine species.Generally,the method described may be applied to all fourspecies,although acclimation procedures and some test condi-tions(that is,temperature and salinity)will be species-specific(Sections 12 and Annex A1).The toxicit
8、y test is conducted in1-L glass chambers containing 175 mL of sediment and 775mL of overlying seawater.Exposure is static(that is,water isnot renewed),and the animals are not fed over the 10-dexposure period.The endpoint in the toxicity test is survivalwith reburial of surviving amphipods as an addi
9、tional measure-ment that can be used as an endpoint for some of the testspecies(for R.abronius and E.estuarius).Performance criteriaestablished for this test include the average survival of amphi-pods in negative control treatment must be greater than orequal to 90%.Procedures are described for use
10、with sedimentswith pore-water salinity ranging from 0oooto fully marine.1.3 A procedure is also described for determining thechronic toxicity of contaminants associated with whole sedi-ments with the amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus in labora-tory exposures(Annex A2;USEPA-USACE 2001(2).Thetoxicity t
11、est is conducted for 28 d in 1-L glass chamberscontaining 175 mL of sediment and about 775 mL of overlyingwater.Test temperature is 25 6 2C,and the recommendedoverlying water salinity is 5ooo6 2ooo(for test sediment withpore water at 1oooto 10ooo)or 20ooo6 2ooo(for testsediment with pore water 10ooo
12、).Four hundred millilitres ofoverlying water is renewed three times per week,at whichtimes test organisms are fed.The endpoints in the toxicity testare survival,growth,and reproduction of amphipods.Perfor-mance criteria established for this test include the averagesurvival of amphipods in negative c
13、ontrol treatment must begreater than or equal to 80%and there must be measurablegrowth and reproduction in all replicates of the negativecontrol treatment.This test is applicable for use with sedimentsfrom oligohaline to fully marine environments,with a siltcontent greater than 5%and a clay content
14、less than 85%.1.4 A salinity of 5 or 20ooois recommended for routineapplication of 28-d test with L.plumulosus(Annex A2;USEPA-USACE 2001(2)and a salinity of 20ooois recom-mended for routine application of the 10-d test with E.estuarius or L.plumulosus(Annex A1).However,the salinityof the overlying w
15、ater for tests with these two species can beadjusted to a specific salinity of interest(for example,salinityrepresentative of site of interest or the objective of the studymay be to evaluate the influence of salinity on the bioavail-ability of chemicals in sediment).More importantly,thesalinity test
16、ed must be within the tolerance range of the testorganisms(as outlined in AnnexA1 and AnnexA2).If tests areconducted with procedures different from those described in1.3 or in Table A1.1(for example,different salinity,lighting,temperature,feeding conditions),additional tests are requiredto determine comparability of results(1.10).If there is not a1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E50 onEnvironmental Assessment,Risk Management and Corrective Action and is thedirect res
