1、Designation:E147604(Reapproved 2014)Standard Guide forMetals Identification,Grade Verification,and Sorting1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1476;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last rev
2、ision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide is intended for tutorial purposes only.Itdescribes the general requirements,methods,and proceduresfor the nondestructive
3、 identification and sorting of metals.1.2 It provides guidelines for the selection and use ofmethods suited to the requirements of particular metals sortingor identification problems.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is therespo
4、nsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specificprecautionary statements,see Section 10.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E158 Practice for Fundamental Calculation
5、s to ConvertIntensities into Concentrations in Optical Emission Spec-trochemical Analysis(Withdrawn 2004)3E305 Practice for Establishing and Controlling AtomicEmission Spectrochemical Analytical CurvesE322 Test Method for Analysis of Low-Alloy Steels andCast Irons by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluo
6、rescenceSpectrometryE566 Practice for Electromagnetic(Eddy Current)Sorting ofFerrous MetalsE572 Test Method for Analysis of Stainless and Alloy Steelsby Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrom-etryE703 Practice for Electromagnetic(Eddy Current)Sorting ofNonferrous MetalsE977 Practice for T
7、hermoelectric Sorting of ElectricallyConductive MaterialsF355 Test Method for ImpactAttenuation of Playing SurfaceSystems and MaterialsF1156 Terminology Relating to Product Counterfeit Protec-tion Systems(Withdrawn 2001)33.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerms used in this guide are defined in thestandard
8、s cited in Section 2 and in current technical literatureor dictionaries;however,because a number of terms that areused generally in nondestructive testing have meanings orcarry implications unique to metal sorting,they appear withexplanation in Appendix X1.4.Significance and Use4.1 A major concern o
9、f metals producers,warehouses,andusers is to establish and maintain the identity of metals frommelting to their final application.This involves the use ofstandard quality assurance practices and procedures throughoutthe various stages of manufacturing and processing,at ware-houses and materials rece
10、iving,and during fabrication and finalinstallation of the product.These practices typically involvestandard chemical analyses and physical tests to meet productacceptance standards,which are slow.Several pieces from aproduction run are usually destroyed or rendered unusablethrough mechanical and che
11、mical testing,and the results areused to assess the entire lot using statistical methods.Statisticalquality assurance methods are usually effective;however,mixed grades,off-chemistry,and nonstandard physical proper-ties remain the primary causes for claims in the metalsindustry.A more comprehensive
12、verification of product prop-erties is necessary.Nondestructive means are available tosupplement conventional metals grade verification techniques,and to monitor chemical and physical properties at selectedproduction stages,in order to assist in maintaining the identi-ties of metals and their consis
13、tency in mechanical properties.4.2 Nondestructive methods have the potential for monitor-ing grade during production on a continuous or statistical basis,for monitoring properties such as hardness and case depth,andfor verifying the effectiveness of heat treatment,cold-working,and the like.They are
14、quite often used in the field for solvingproblems involving off-grade and mixed-grade materials.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestruc-tive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.10 on SpecializedNDT Methods.Current edition approved June 1,201
15、4.Published July 2014.Originally approvedin 1992.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E1476-04(2010).DOI:10.1520/E1476-04R14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,
16、refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 4.3 The nondestructive methods covered in this guide pro-vide both direct and indirect responses to the sample beingevaluated.Spectrometric analysis instruments respond to thepresence and percents of alloying constituents.The electro-magnetic
