1、Designation:E171112Standard Guide forMeasurement of Behavior During Fish Toxicity Tests1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1711;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers some general information on methodsfor qualitative and quantitative assessment of the behavioralresponses of fish during standard la
3、boratory toxicity tests tomeasure the sublethal effects of exposure to chemical sub-stances.This guide is meant to be an adjunct to toxicity testsand should not interfere with those test procedures.1.2 Behavioral toxicosis occurs when chemical or otherstressful conditions,such as changes in water qu
4、ality ortemperature,induce a behavioral change that exceeds thenormal range of variability(1).Behavior includes all of theobservable,recordable,or measurable activities of a livingorganism and reflects genetic,neurobiological,physiological,and environmental determinants(2).1.3 Behavioral methods can
5、 be used in biomonitoring,in thedetermination of no-observed-effect and lowest-observed-effect concentrations,and in the prediction of hazardouschemical impacts on natural populations(3).1.4 The behavioral methods described in this guide includelocomotory activity,feeding,and social responses,which
6、arecritical to the survival of fish(4).1.5 This guide is arranged as follows:Section NumberScope1Referenced Documents2Terminology3Summary of Guide4Significance and Use5Interferences6Safety Precautions7Responses Measured8Test Organisms9Facility10Qualitative Behavioral Assessment Method11Quantitative
7、Behavioral Measurements12Experimental Design13Calculation of Test Results14Report151.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.7
8、 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.While some safetycons
9、iderations are included in this guide,it is beyond the scopeof this guide to encompass all safety requirements necessary toconduct behavioral toxicity tests.Specific hazards statementsare given in Section 7.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relation
10、shipAmong Brinell Hardness,Vickers Hardness,RockwellHardness,Superficial Hardness,Knoop Hardness,Sclero-scope Hardness,and Leeb HardnessE729 Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on TestMaterials with Fishes,Macroinvertebrates,and Amphib-iansE1023 Guide for Assessing the Hazard of a Material toA
11、quatic Organisms and Their UsesE1241 Guide for Conducting Early Life-Stage Toxicity Testswith FishesE1383 Guide for Conducting Sediment Toxicity Tests withFreshwater Invertebrates3E1604 Guide for Behavioral Testing in Aquatic Toxicology3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe words“must,”“should,”“may,”“can,
12、”and“might”have very specific meanings.“Must”isused to express an absolute requirement,that is,to state that thetest ought to be designed to satisfy the specified condition,unless the purpose of the test requires a different design.“Must”is used only in connection with the factors that relatedirectl
13、y to the acceptability of the test.“Should”is used to statethat the specified condition is recommended and ought to be1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E50 on EnvironmentalAssessment,Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibil-ity of Subcommittee E50.47 o
14、n Biological Effects and Environmental Fate.Current edition approved Dec.1,2012.Published February 2013.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E1711 95(2008).DOI:10.1520/E1711-13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer
15、Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 met if possible.Although the violati
16、on of one“should”is rarelya serious matter,violation of several will often render theresults questionable.Terms such as“is desirable,”“is oftendesirable,”and“might be desirable”are used in connectionwith less important factors.“May”is used to mean“is(are)allowed to,”“can”is used to mean“is(are)able to,”and“might”is used to mean“could possibly.”Thus the classicdistinction between“may”and“can”is preserved,and“might”is never used as a synonym for either“may”or“can.”3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific
