1、Designation:E184104(Reapproved 2012)Standard Guide forConducting Renewal Phytotoxicity Tests With FreshwaterEmergent Macrophytes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1841;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revisio
2、n,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test guide is designed to give general guidance forassessing the potential phytotoxicity of water solubl
3、e testmaterial to freshwater emergent macrophytes.1.2 This renewal test continuously exposes selected plantspecies,growing in sediment,to various concentrations of testmaterial,dissolved in a nutrient solution.1.3 This test guide is based on the Toxic Substances ControlAct(TSCA)guidelines for conduc
4、ting toxicity tests withterrestrial plants(1)2and is applicable to most water solublechemicals,either individually or in formulations,commercialproducts,or known mixtures(see Guides E1193 and E1598).With slight modifications the procedure also might be used foreffluents(see Guide E1192).1.4 Results
5、from this toxicity test can be used to report anIC50 or NOEC(see Section 3)based on the concentration ofchlorophyll extracted from the plants(see Guides D3731 andE1218).In some situations,it might be necessary to only testat one concentration to determine whether or not that specificconcentration is
6、 toxic to the plants.1.5 This test method is arranged as follows:SectionReferenced Documents2Terminology3Summary of Guide4Significance and Use5Hazards7Apparatus and Reagents6Facilities6.1Test Chambers6.2Cleaning6.3HPLC6.4Reagents6.5Nutrient Solution8Test Material9General9.1Test Concentrations9.2Stoc
7、k Solution9.3Controls9.4Sediments10Test Organisms11Recommended Species11.1Alternate Species11.2Culturing11.3Procedure12Experimental Design12.1Beginning of Test12.2Evaluation of Test12.3Calculation13Acceptability of Test14Report15Precision and Bias16Keywords17Appendix X1References1.6 The values state
8、d in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and heal
9、th practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific hazardstatements are given in Section 7.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D3731 Practices for Measurement of Chlorophyll Content ofAlgae in Surface Waters(Withdrawn 0)4E729 Guide for Conducting Acut
10、e Toxicity Tests on TestMaterials with Fishes,Macroinvertebrates,and Amphib-iansE943 Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Envi-ronmental FateE1023 Guide for Assessing the Hazard of a Material toAquatic Organisms and Their Uses1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E50 on En
11、vironmentalAssessment,Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibil-ity of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate.Current edition approved Dec.1,2012.Published January 2013.Originallyapproved in 1996.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E184104.DO
12、I:10.1520/E1841-04R12.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis test method.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to
13、the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 E1192 Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on
14、Aque-ous Ambient Samples and Effluents with Fishes,Macroinvertebrates,and AmphibiansE1193 Guide for Conducting Daphnia magna Life-CycleToxicity TestsE1218 Guide for Conducting Static Toxicity Tests withMicroalgaeE1391 Guide for Collection,Storage,Characterization,andManipulation of Sediments for Tox
15、icological Testing andfor Selection of Samplers Used to Collect Benthic Inver-tebratesE1598 Practice for Conducting Early Seedling Growth Tests(Withdrawn 2003)4E1706 Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater InvertebratesE1733 Guide for Use of Lightin
16、g in Laboratory Testing3.Terminology3.1 The words“must,”“should,”“may,”“can,”and“might”have very specific meanings in this guide.“Must”is used toexpress an absolute requirement,that is,to state that the testought to be designed to satisfy the specified condition,unlessthe purpose of the test requires a different design.“Must”isonly used in connection with factors that directly relate to theacceptability of the test(see Section 14).“Should”is used tostate that the specified condition is recommend
