1、Designation:E193499a(Reapproved 2014)Standard Guide forExamining Electrical and Mechanical Equipment withInfrared Thermography1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1934;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide lists the responsibilities of the end user andthe infrared thermographer when examining electrical a
3、ndmechanical systems.1.2 This guide outlines the specific content required todocument qualitative and quantitative infrared examinations ofelectrical and mechanical equipment.21.3 This guide may involve use of equipment and materialsin the presence of heated,moving or all of these or electricallyene
4、rgized equipment.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2
5、.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 end userthe person responsible for using the infor-mation provided by an infrared examination.3.1.2 exceptionan abnormally warm or cool connector,conductor or component.3.1.3
6、infrared examinationthe use of an infrared imagingsystem to provide thermal data about a structure,system,objector process.3.1.4 inventory lista list of the equipment by the infraredthermographer.3.1.5 qualified assistanta person provided and authorizedby the end user to perform the tasks required b
7、y the infraredthermographer.He/she shall be knowledgeable of the operationand history of the equipment to be examined and of all safetypractices and rules of the end user.3.1.6 qualitative infrared inspectionan infrared examina-tion that provides images of exceptions but not temperaturedata.3.1.7 qu
8、antitative infrared inspectionan infrared examina-tion that provides both images of exceptions and temperaturedata.3.2 See also Terminology E1316.4.Significance and Use4.1 This guide can be used by an end user to specify infraredexaminations of electrical and mechanical equipment and aninfrared ther
9、mographer to perform them.4.2 This guide lists the joint responsibilities of the end userand the infrared thermographer when using infrared thermog-raphy.4.3 The purpose of an infrared examination is to identifyand document exceptions in the end users electrical ormechanical systems,or both.4.3.1 In
10、 electrical equipment,warm exceptions are usuallycreated by an increase in resistance caused by loose ordeteriorated connections,short circuits,overloads,load imbal-ances or faulty,mismatched or improperly installed compo-nents.Cool exceptions are usually caused by failed compo-nents.4.3.2 In mechan
11、ical equipment,warm exceptions are usu-ally created by friction caused by improper lubrication,misalignment,worn components or mechanical loadinganomalies.Cool exceptions are usually caused by failedcomponents.4.3.3 Exceptions in insulation systems are usually caused bymissing or deteriorated materi
12、als,improper installation orinsufficient amounts of material.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestruc-tive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.10 on SpecializedNDT Methods.Current edition approved June 1,2014.Published July 2014.Originally ap
13、provedin 1997.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E1934-99a(2010).DOI:10.1520/E1934-99AR14.2This guide is adapted from the Guideline for Infrared Inspection and Mechani-cal Systems developed by Infraspection Institute,425 Ellis Street,Burlington,NJ08016.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the
14、 ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United Stat
15、es1 4.4 Providing opinions about the causes of exceptions,theintegrity of the equipment or recommendations for correctiveactions require knowledge and skills beyond those of infraredthermography.4.5 Infrared examinations provide data about equipment atthe time of examination only.4.6 Infrared examin
16、ations are not remedial.4.7 An infrared examination of electrical and mechanicalequipment does not assure its proper operation.Other tests andproper maintenance are necessary to ensure their reliableperformance.5.Personnel Responsibilities5.1 The infrared thermographer shall:5.1.1 Have sufficient knowledge of the components,con-struction and theory of electrical or mechanical equipment,orboth,to understand the observed patterns of radiation,5.1.2 Be knowledgeable of,and comply with,the safetypra
