1、Designation:E175719Standard Practice forPreparation of Biomass for Compositional Analysis1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1757;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers a reproducible way to converthardwoods,softwoods,herbaceous materials(such as switch-grass and sericea),agricultural residues(s
3、uch as corn stover,wheat straw,and bagasse),wastepaper(such as office waste,boxboard,and newsprint),cellulosic feedstocks pretreated toimprove suitability for fermentation,cereal grains,cereal grainfermentation mash,cereal grain fermentation beer,and fermen-tation residues into a uniform material su
4、itable for composi-tional analysis.This practice is intended for samples that needto be dried prior to analysis.1.2 Milling and sieving actions both produce large amountsof dust.This dust can be a nuisance hazard and irritant.Useappropriate respiratory protection as needed.If excessiveamounts of dus
5、t are allowed to become airborne a potentialexplosion hazard is possible.Provide appropriate dust controlmeasures as needed.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.The values given in parentheses after SI units areprovided for information only and are not considered standard.
6、1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5
7、This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trad
8、e(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves2.2 Other Documents:AOAC 935.29 Moisture in Malt-Gravimetric Method(AOAC 2005)3NFTA 2.2.2.5 Dry Matter by Oven Drying for 3 hr at 105C43.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Speci
9、fic to This Standard:3.1.1 ambient conditions,na temperature of 20 to 30 C(68 to 85 F),less than 50%relative humidity.3.1.2 beer,nthe mash after it has undergone fermentationand has been deemed complete by virtue of the carbohydratesbeing converted into renewable fuel by enzymes and ferment-ing orga
10、nisms.3.1.3 mash,na mixture or slurry of water(includingrecycled water streams)and ground grain.3.1.4 prepared biomass,nbiomass that has been preparedaccording to this practice.3.1.5 predominantly cellulosic,adjfeedstock that has anaverage adjusted cellulosic content of 75%,measured on a drymass bas
11、is;furthermore,this“adjusted cellulosic content”isthe percent of organic(non-ash)material that is cellulose,hemicellulose,or lignin.4.Significance and Use4.1 Preparation Method AMethod suitable for the prepa-ration of large quantities(20 g)of field collected samples into1This practice is under the j
12、urisdiction of ASTM Committee E48 on Bioenergyand Industrial Chemicals from Biomass and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee E48.05 on Biomass Conversion.Current edition approved April 1,2019.Published May 2019.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2015 as E1757 01(20
13、15).DOI:10.1520/E1757-19.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from AOAC International,2275 R
14、esearch Blvd.,Suite 300,Rockville,MD 20850-3250,http:/www.aoac.org.4Available from National Forage Testing Association(NFTA),PO Box 1470,Stuart,FL 34995,https:/www.foragetesting.org/.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis inte
15、rnational standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Commi
16、ttee.1 a form appropriate for compositional analysis.Woody samplesmust first be available as chips of a nominal 5 by 5 by 0.6 cm(2 by 2 by14in.)or less and twigs not exceeding 0.6 cm(14in.)diameter.Herbaceous materials may be processed as wholestraw.It is recommended that wastepaper should be shreddedinto pieces less then 1 cm(12in.)wide.Furthermore,it isrecommended that twigs,straw,and wastepaper should notexceed 61 cm(24 in.)in length to facilitate handling.4.2 Preparation Methods B and CMetho
