1、Designation:E231704(Reapproved 2012)Standard Guide forConducting Renewal Microplate-Based Life-Cycle ToxicityTests with a Marine Meiobenthic Copepod1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2317;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in
2、 the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide describes procedures for obtaining laboratorydata concerning the adverse effec
3、ts of a test material added toseawater,but not to food,on the marine copepod Amphiascustenuiremis,during continuous exposures of individuals,fromimmediately after birth,until after the beginning of reproduc-tion using a 200 L renewal microplate-culturing technique.The following data are checked and
4、recorded during the testperiod:stage-specific survival,number of days it takes fordevelopment from a first stage nauplius to a reproductivelymature copepod,gender ratios,number of days for a female toextrude first and subsequent broods,number of days betweenfirst(and subsequent)brood extrusion(s)and
5、 hatching offirst-generation nauplii,number of hatched and survivingnauplii,number of unhatched or necrotic eggs and abortedunhatching eggsacs,and the total number of females able toproduce viable offspring over the entire mating period.Thismicroplate-based full life-cycle toxicity test has a durati
6、on ofapproximately 17 days for toxicants that do not delay devel-opment.These procedures probably will be useful for conduct-ing life-cycle toxicity tests with other species of copepods,although modifications might be necessary.1.2 These procedures are applicable to most chemicals,either individuall
7、y,or in formulations,commercial products,orknown mixtures,that can be measured accurately at thenecessary concentration in water.With appropriate modifica-tions these procedures can be used to conduct tests ontemperature,dissolved oxygen,and pH and on such materialsas aqueous effluents(see also Guid
8、e E1192),sediment porewaters,and surface waters.Renewal microplate tests might notbe applicable to materials that have a high oxygen demand,arehighly volatile,are rapidly transformed(biologically or chemi-cally)in aqueous solutions,or are removed from test solutionsin substantial quantities by the t
9、est chambers or organismsduring the test.If the concentration of dissolved oxygen fallsbelow 50%of saturation,or the concentration of test materialin the test solution decreases by more than 20%betweenrenewals,it might be desirable to renew the solutions moreoften.1.3 This standard does not purport
10、to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E380 Pract
11、ice for Use of the International System of Units(SI)(the Modernized Metric System)E729 Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on TestMaterials with Fishes,Macroinvertebrates,and Amphib-iansE943 Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Envi-ronmental FateE1023 Guide for Assessing the Hazard
12、of a Material toAquatic Organisms and Their UsesE1191 Guide for Conducting Life-Cycle Toxicity Tests withSaltwater MysidsE1192 Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Aque-ous Ambient Samples and Effluents with Fishes,Macroinvertebrates,and AmphibiansE1218 Guide for Conducting Static Toxicity T
13、ests withMicroalgaeE1847 Practice for Statistical Analysis of Toxicity TestsConducted Under ASTM Guidelines3.Terminology3.1 The words“must,”“should,”“may,”“can,”and“might”have very specific meanings in this guide.3.1.1“Must”is used to express an absolute requirement,that is,to state that the test ou
14、ght to be designed to satisfy thespecified condition,unless the purpose of the test requires a1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E50 on EnvironmentalAssessment,Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibil-ity of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and
15、 Environmental Fate.Current edition approved Dec.1,2012.Published January 2013.Originallyapproved in 2004.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E2317 04.DOI:10.1520/E2317-04R12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.F
16、or Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 different design.“Must”is used only in connection with factorsthat directly relate to the acceptability of the test(see Section13).3.1.2“Should”is used to state that the specified condition isrecommended and ought to be met if possible.Althoughviolation of one“should”is rare
