1、Designation:E214811bAn American National StandardStandard Guide forUsing Documents Related to Metalworking or MetalRemoval Fluid Health and Safety1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2148;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in t
2、he case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers information on how to use documentsrelated to health and safety of metalw
3、orking and metal removalfluids.As such,this guide will provide the user with sufficientbackground information to effectively use the documents listedin Section 2.Documents referenced in this guide are groupedas applicable to producers,to users or to all.1.2 This standard does not purport to address
4、all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1356 Terminology Rel
5、ating to Sampling and Analysis ofAtmospheresD7049 Test Method for Metal Removal Fluid Aerosol inWorkplace AtmospheresE1302 Guide for Acute Animal Toxicity Testing of Water-Miscible Metalworking FluidsE1497 Practice for Selection and Safe Use of Water-Miscible and Straight Oil Metal Removal FluidsE15
6、42 Terminology Relating to Occupational Health andSafetyE1687 Test Method for Determining Carcinogenic Potentialof Virgin Base Oils in Metalworking FluidsE1972 Practice for Minimizing Effects of Aerosols in theWet Metal Removal EnvironmentE2144 Practice for Personal Sampling and Analysis of En-dotox
7、in in Metalworking Fluid Aerosols in WorkplaceAtmospheresE2169 Practice for Selecting Antimicrobial Pesticides forUse in Water-Miscible Metalworking FluidsE2523 Terminology for Metalworking Fluids and Opera-tionsE2563 Test Method for Enumeration of Non-TuberculosisMycobacteria in Aqueous Metalworkin
8、g Fluids by PlateCount MethodE2564 Test Method for Enumeration of Mycobacteria inMetalworking Fluids by Direct Microscopic Counting(DMC)MethodE2657 Test Method for Determination of Endotoxin Con-centrations in Water-Miscible Metalworking FluidsE2693 Practice for Prevention of Dermatitis in the WetMe
9、tal Removal Fluid EnvironmentE2694 Test Method for Measurement of Adenosine Triphos-phate in Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluids2.2 Other Documents:Management of the Metal Removal Fluid Environment:AGuide to Safe and Efficient Use of Metal Removal Fluids3Criteria for a Recommended Standard:Occupation
10、al Expo-sure to Metalworking Fluids4Metalworking Fluids:Safety and Health Best PracticesManual53.Terminology3.1 For definitions and terms relating to this practice,referto Terminologies D1356,E1542,and E2523.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 endotoxin,npyrogenic high molar mas
11、s lipopolysac-charide(LPS)complex associated with the cell wall ofgram-negative bacteria.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThough endotoxins are pyrogens,notall pyrogens are endotoxins.Endotoxins are specifically de-tected through a Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate(LAL)test.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Co
12、mmittee E34 on OccupationalHealth and Safety and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E34.50 on Healthand Safety Standards for Metal Working Fluids.Current edition approved Dec.1,2011.Published January 2012.Originallyapproved in 2001.Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E2148-11a.DOI:10
13、.1520/E2148-11B.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Organization Resources Counselors,
14、Inc.,1910 SunderlandPlace,NW,Washington DC 20036 or at http:/www.orc-4Available from U.S.Department of Health and Human Services,Public HealthService,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,National Institute for Occu-pational Safety and Health,Cincinnati,OH 45226.5Available from US Occupational
15、Health and Safety Administration,200Constitution Avenue NW,Washington,DC 20210 or at http:/www.osha.gov/SLTC/metalworkingfluids/metalworkingfluids_manual.htmlCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2.2 metal removal fluids,nthe
16、subset of metalworkingfluids that are used for wet machining or grinding to producethe finished part.3.2.2.1 DiscussionMetal removal fluids addressed by thispractice include straight or neat oils,not intended for furtherdilution with water,and water-miscible soluble oils,semisynthetics,and synthetics,which are intended to be dilutedwith water before use.Metal removal fluids become contami-nated during use in the workplace with a variety of workplacesubstances including,but not limited to,abrasiv
