1、Designation:E 1451 98Standard Guide forDisposal of Wastes Containing Respirable Silicon CarbideWhiskers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1451;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revis
2、ion.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers a disposal of wastes of unboundrespirable silicon carbide(SiC)whiskers and wastes containing1.0%by weight or great
3、er of unbound respirable siliconcarbide whiskers which could become airborne during disposaloperations or uncontrolled releases of materials during disposaloperations.1.2 If the waste stream contains or is mixed with otherconstituents that are considered hazardous waste by areafederal,state,local,or
4、 other regulations,the disposal require-ments may be more stringent or require different handlingprecautions,or both,than those recommended in this guide.Information specific to any hazardous constituents should beincluded in each generators characterization of the waste sothat it can be properly cl
5、assified and managed.1.3 Application of these recommendations must be in ac-cordance with federal,state,local,or other solid waste regu-lations.1.4 Applicable information may be obtained from the Ma-terial Safety Data Sheet(s)(MSDS)for the waste streamconstituent(s).1.5 This standard does not purpor
6、t to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:E 1437 Pra
7、ctice for Handling Respirable Silicon CarbideWhiskers22.2American National Standards Institute(ANSI)3Stan-dard:ANSI Z88.2 1992,Respiratory Protection2.3U.S.Government Standard:Occupational Safety and Health Administration(OSHA)29 Code of Federal Regulations(CFR)1910.134,Respi-ratory Protection43.Ter
8、minology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 aspect ratio,nratio of whisker length to whiskerdiameter.3.1.2 respirable silicon carbide whiskers,na crystallinesilicon carbide fiber,approximately cylindrical in shape,with adiameter less than 3.0 m and an aspect ratio equal or greaterthan 5:1.3.1.3 unbound silicon ca
9、rbide whiskers,nwhiskers withthe potential to become airborne.4.Significance and Use4.1 Industrial solid wastes containing more than 1%byweight of unbound respirable SiC whiskers will typically begenerated by manufacturing operations which produce whis-kers or handle powders containing respirable wh
10、iskers.Suchwastes could also be generated by operations which(re)finisharticles containing SiC whiskers.These wastes must be dis-posed in a manner that prevents respirable SiC whiskerexposure above the exposure limits of Practice E 1437.4.2 This guide should be used in preparing comprehensivesolid w
11、aste handling procedures for implementation by wastegenerators,waster haulers,and landfill operators.5.GuidelinesWaste Generators5.1 Waste containing respirable silicon carbide whiskers isnot currently regulated by the Environmental ProtectionAgency as a hazardous waste unless the waste containsregu
12、lated waste.5.2 The waste generator should ascertain the percent byweight of unbound respirable SiC whiskers in the wastestream.If the waste stream has greater than 1%by weight ofrespirable SiC whiskers,the wastes should be handled inaccordance with this guide such that exposure beyond thelimits of
13、Practice E 1437 cannot occur.5.3 The disposal container must be of sufficient integritysuch that the waste materials cannot become airborne duringsubsequent collection,hauling,and landfill operations.Steps1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E-34 on OccupationalHealth and Safety an
14、d is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E34.70 on SingleCrystal Ceramic Whiskers.Current edition approved Apr.10,1998.Published June 1998.Originallypublished as E 1451 93.Last previous edition E 1451 93.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 11.03.3Available from American National Standards Insti
15、tute,11 West 42nd Street,13th Floor,New York,NY 10036.4Available from the Superintendent of Documents,U.S.Government PrintingOffice,Washington DC 20402.1Copyright ASTM,100 Barr Harbor Drive,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.should be taken to minimize silicon carbide whisker contami-nati
16、on on external container surfaces.5.4 Waste materials may be wetted to reduce the potentialfor airborne whiskers.Wetting agents classified as nonhazard-ous should be used.Free moisture or measured total moisturecontent,or both,should not exceed acceptable landfill limits asrequired by the landfill being used.5.5 Attach one or more labels showing the following infor-mation:5.5.1 Contents of the container,5.5.2 Any information required by federal,state,local,orother regulations,and5.5.3 The inform
