1、Designation:E173995(Reapproved 2015)Standard Guide forRisk-Based Corrective Action Applied at Petroleum ReleaseSites1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1739;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year o
2、f last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This is a guide to risk-based corrective action(RBCA),which is a consistent decision-making process for the assess-ment a
3、nd response to a petroleum release,based on theprotection of human health and the environment.Sites withpetroleum release vary greatly in terms of complexity,physicaland chemical characteristics,and in the risk that they may poseto human health and the environment.The RBCA processrecognizes this div
4、ersity,and uses a tiered approach wherecorrective action activities are tailored to site-specific condi-tions and risks.While the RBCA process is not limited to aparticular class of compounds,this guide emphasizes theapplication of RBCAto petroleum product releases through theuse of the examples.Eco
5、logical risk assessment,as discussedin this guide,is a qualitative evaluation of the actual orpotential impacts to environmental(nonhuman)receptors.There may be circumstances under which a more detailedecological risk assessment is necessary(see Ref(1).21.2 The decision process described in this gui
6、de integratesrisk and exposure assessment practices,as suggested by theUnited States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA),with site assessment activities and remedial measure selectionto ensure that the chosen action is protective of human healthand the environment.The following general sequence o
7、f eventsis prescribed in RBCA,once the process is triggered by thesuspicion or confirmation of petroleum release:1.2.1 Performance of a site assessment;1.2.2 Classification of the site by the urgency of initialresponse;1.2.3 Implementation of an initial response action appropri-ate for the selected
8、site classification;1.2.4 Comparison of concentrations of chemical(s)of con-cern at the site with Tier 1 Risk Based Screening Levels(RBSLs)given in a look-up table;1.2.5 Deciding whether further tier evaluation is warranted,if implementation of interim remedial action is warranted or ifRBSLs may be
9、applied as remediation target levels;1.2.6 Collection of additional site-specific information asnecessary,if further tier evaluation is warranted;1.2.7 Development of site-specific target levels(SSTLs)andpoint(s)of compliance(Tier 2 evaluation);1.2.8 Comparison of the concentrations of chemical(s)of
10、concern at the site with the Tier 2 evaluation SSTL at thedetermined point(s)of compliance or source area(s);1.2.9 Deciding whether further tier evaluation is warranted,if implementation of interim remedial action is warranted,or ifTier 2 SSTLs may be applied as remediation target levels;1.2.10 Coll
11、ection of additional site-specific information asnecessary,if further tier evaluation is warranted;1.2.11 Development of SSTL and point(s)of compliance(Tier 3 evaluation);1.2.12 Comparison of the concentrations of chemical(s)ofconcern at the site at the determined point(s)of compliance orsource area
12、(s)with the Tier 3 evaluation SSTL;and1.2.13 Development of a remedial action plan to achieve theSSTL,as applicable.1.3 The guide is organized as follows:1.3.1 Section 2 lists referenced documents,1.3.2 Section 3 defines terminology used in this guide,1.3.3 Section 4 describes the significance and u
13、se of thisguide,1.3.4 Section 5 is a summary of the tiered approach,1.3.5 Section 6 presents the RBCA procedures in a step-by-step process,1.3.6 Appendix X1 details physical/chemical and toxico-logical characteristics of petroleum products,1.3.7 Appendix X2 discusses the derivation of a Tier 1RBSL L
14、ook-Up Table and provides an example,1.3.8 Appendix X3 describes the uses of predictive model-ing relative to the RBCA process,1.3.9 Appendix X4 discusses considerations for institutionalcontrols,and1.3.10 Appendix X5 provides examples of RBCA applica-tions.1.4 This guide describes an approach for R
15、BCA.It isintended to compliment but not supersede federal,state,and1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E50 on EnvironmentalAssessment,Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibil-ity of Subcommittee E50.04 on Corrective Action.Current edition approved April
16、1,2015.Published May 2015.Originallypublished as ES 38 94.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E1739 95(2010)1.DOI:10.1520/E1739-95R15.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis guide.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 local regulations.Federal,state,or local agency approval maybe required to implement the processes outlined in this guide.1.5 The values stated in SI units a
