1、Designation:E161014Standard Guide forForensic Paint Analysis and Comparison1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1610;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses i
2、ndicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 Forensic paint analyses and comparisons are typicallydistinguished by sample size that precludes the application ofmany standard industrial paint analysis procedu
3、res or proto-cols.The forensic paint examiner must address concerns suchas the issues of a case or investigation,sample size,complexityand condition,environmental effects,and collection methods.These factors require that the forensic paint examiner choosetest methods,sample preparation schemes,test
4、sequence,anddegree of sample alteration and consumption that are suitableto each specific case.1.2 This guide is intended as an introduction to standardguides for forensic examination of paints and coatings.It isintended to assist individuals who conduct forensic paintanalyses in their evaluation,se
5、lection,and application of teststhat may be of value to their investigations.This guidedescribes methods to develop discriminatory information usingan efficient and reasonable order of testing.The need forvalidated methods and quality assurance guidelines is alsoaddressed.This document is not intend
6、ed as a detailed methodsdescription or rigid scheme for the analysis and comparison ofpaints,but as a guide to the strengths and limitations of eachanalytical method.The goal is to provide a consistent approachto forensic paint analysis.1.3 This guide cannot replace knowledge,skill,or abilityacquire
7、d through appropriate education,training,and experi-ence and should be used in conjunction with sound profes-sional judgment.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 Some of the methods discussed in this guide invo
8、lve theuse of dangerous chemicals,temperatures,and radiationsources.This guide does not purport to address the possiblesafety hazards or precautions associated with its application.This standard does not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibi
9、lityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatoryrequirements prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D16 Terminology for Paint,Related Coatings,Materials,andApplicationsD1535 Practice for Specifying Colo
10、r by the Munsell SystemE308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Usingthe CIE SystemE1492 Practice for Receiving,Documenting,Storing,andRetrieving Evidence in a Forensic Science LaboratoryE2808 Guide for Microspectrophotometry and Color Mea-surement in Forensic Paint AnalysisE2809 Guide f
11、or Using Scanning Electron Microscopy/X-Ray Spectrometry in Forensic Paint ExaminationsE2937 Guide for Using Infrared Spectroscopy in ForensicPaint Examinations3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this guideother than those listed in 3.2,see Terminology D16.3.2 Definitions of
12、 Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 additive(modifier)any substance added in a smallquantity to improve properties.Additives may include sub-stances such as driers,corrosion inhibitors,catalysts,ultravio-let absorbers,plasticizers,etc.3.2.2 bindera non-volatile portion of a paint which servesto b
13、ind or cement the pigment particles together.3.2.3 coatinga generic term for paint,lacquer,enamel,orother liquid or liquifiable material which is converted to asolid,protective and/or decorative film after application.3.2.4 discriminateto distinguish between two samplesbased on significant differenc
14、es;to differentiate.3.2.5 discriminating powerthe ability of an analyticalprocedure to distinguish between two items of different origin.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on ForensicSciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on Criminalistics.Current e
15、dition approved Jan.15,2014.Published February 2014.Originallyapproved in 1994.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E1610 02(2008).DOI:10.1520/E1610-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMSt
16、andards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2.6 known samplea coating sample of established ori-gin.3.2.7 paintcommonly known as a pigmented coating(see3.2.3).3.2.8 pigmenta finely ground,inorganic or organic,insoluble,dispersed particle.Besides color,a pigment mayprovide many of the essential properties of paint,such asopacity,hardness,du
