1、Designation:E262509Standard Practice forControlling Occupational Exposure to Respirable CrystallineSilica for Construction and Demolition Activities1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2625;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in
2、 the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONSilicon dioxide(silica,SiO2)is encountered in nature and industry in a wide variety of f
3、orms.Theserange from essentially anhydrous types with or without a very high degree of crystallinity,to highlyhydroxylated or hydrated types which are amorphous by X-ray diffraction examination.Crystallinesilica2exists in a number of forms or polymorphs.The three major forms,quartz,cristobalite,andt
4、ridymite,pertain to this practice.Quartz(or alpha quartz)is the more common form encountered asairborne particulates.Two of the polymorphs,cristobalite and tridymite,are formed at elevatedtemperatures and are much less common in nature,but might be encountered in several occupationswhere silicas are
5、 fired(calcined)at high temperatures3.These silica materials have a broad range ofphysical and chemical properties.1.Scope1.1 This practice describes several actions to reduce the riskof harmful occupational exposures in environments containingrespirable crystalline silica.This practice is intended
6、for theunique conditions during construction and demolition activi-ties.1.2 Health requirements relating to occupational exposureto respirable crystalline silica not covered in this practice fallunder the jurisdiction of Practice E1132.1.3 Nothing in this practice shall be interpreted as requiringan
7、y action that violates any statute or requirement of anyfederal,state,or other regulatory agency.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health pra
8、ctices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D4532 Test Method for Respirable Dust in Workplace At-mospheres Using Cyclone SamplersE1132 Practice for Health Requirements Relating to Occu-pational Exposure to Respirable Cryst
9、alline Silica2.2 ANSI Standards:5Z88.2 1992 American National Standard Practice for Respi-ratory ProtectionANSI/AIHAZ9.2 2001 Fundamentals Governing the Designand Operation of Local Exhaust Systems2.3 Code of Federal Regulations:629 CFR 1910.134 Respiratory Protection29 CFR 1910.1000 Air Contaminant
10、s29 CFR 1910.1200 Hazard Communication42 CFR 84 Title 42,Part 84 Approval of RespiratoryProtective Devices,Tests for Permissibility,Fees30 CFR 56,Title 30,Subpart D Air Quality,Radiation,andPhysical Agents(MSHA)1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E34 on Occupa-tional Health an
11、d Safety and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E34.80 onIndustrial Heath.Current edition approved May 1,2009.Published May 2009.DOI:10.1520/E2625-09.2Smith,Deane K.,Opal,cristobalite,and tridymite:Noncrystallinity versuscrystallinity,nomenclature of the silica minerals and bibliography,Po
12、wderDiffraction,Vol 13,1998,pp 118.3Miles,W.J.,Crystalline silica analysis of Wyoming bentonite by X-raydiffraction after phosphoric acid digestion,Analytical Chemistry Acta,Vol 286,1994,pp 97105.4For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at se
13、rviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.5Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.6Available from U.S.Government Printing Office Su
14、perintendent of Documents,732 N.Capitol St.,NW,Mail Stop:SDE,Washington,DC 20401,http:/www.access.gpo.gov.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 2.4 NIOSH Publications:7Manual of Analytical Methods,4th Ed.,DHHS(NIOSH),Publication
15、 No.94-113 August 1994.Method 7500 for Silica,Crystalline,Respirable(XRD)Method 7601 for Silica,Crystalline Visible AbsorptionSpectrophotometryMethod 7602 for Silica,Crystalline(IR)2000 Guidelines for the Use of ILO International Classifi-cation of Radiographs of Pneumoconioses2.5 Other References:A
16、mericanThoracicSociety,StandardizationofSpirometry1994 Update3.Significance and Use3.1These practices and criteria were developed for occu-pational exposures during construction and demolition activi-ties.They are intended to(a)protect against clinically signifi-cant disease from exposure to respirable crystalline silica,(b)be measurable by techniques that are valid,reproducible,andreadily available,and(c)be attainable with existing technol-ogy and protective practices.4.General Requirements4.1
