1、Designation:E189413aStandard Guide forSelecting Dosimetry Systems for Application in PulsedX-Ray Sources1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1894;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revis
2、ion.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide provides assistance in selecting and usingdosimetry systems in flash X-ray experiments.Both dose anddose-rate techniques a
3、re described.1.2 Operating characteristics of flash X-ray sources aregiven,with emphasis on the spectrum of the photon output.1.3 Assistance is provided to relate the measured dose to theresponse of a device under test(DUT).The device is assumedto be a semiconductor electronic part or system.2.Refer
4、enced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E170 Terminology Relating to Radiation Measurements andDosimetryE666 Practice for Calculating Absorbed Dose From Gammaor X RadiationE668 Practice for Application of Thermoluminescence-Dosimetry(TLD)Systems for Determining AbsorbedDose in Radiation-Hardness Testing
5、of Electronic DevicesE1249 Practice for Minimizing Dosimetry Errors in Radia-tion Hardness Testing of Silicon Electronic Devices UsingCo-60 Sources2.2 ISO/ASTM Standards:3ISO/ASTM 51261 Practice for Calibration of Routine Do-simetry Systems for Radiation ProcessingISO/ASTM 51275 Practice for Use of
6、a Radiochromic FilmDosimetry SystemISO/ASTM 51310 Practice for Use of a RadiochromicOptical Waveguide Dosimetry System2.3 International Commission on Radiation Units(ICRU)and Measurements Reports:4ICRU Report 14 Radiation Dosimetry:X rays and GammaRays with Maximum Photon Energies Between 0.6 and 50
7、MeVICRU Report 17 Radiation Dosimetry:X rays Generated atPotentials of 5 to 150 kVICRU Report 34 The Dosimetry of Pulsed RadiationICRU Report 51 Quantities and Units in Radiation Protec-tion DosimetryICRU Report 60 Fundamental Quantities and Units forIonizing RadiationICRU Report 76 Measurement Qual
8、ity Assurance for Ioniz-ing Radiation DosimetryICRU Report 77 Elastic Scattering of Electrons and Posi-tronsICRU Report 80 Dosimetry Systems for Use in RadiationProcessingICRU Report 85a Fundamental Quantities and Units forIonizing Radiation3.Terminology3.1 absorbed dosequotient of d/dm,where d is t
9、he meanenergy imparted by ionizing radiation to matter of mass dm:D 5d dm(1)See ICRU Report 85a.The special name for the unit forabsorbed dose is the gray(Gy).1 Gy5 1J/kg(2)Formerly,the special unit for absorbed dose was the rad,where 1 rad=100 erg/g.1 rad5 0.01 Gy(3)Since the absorbed dose due to a
10、 given radiation field ismaterial dependent,it is important to include the materialcomposition for which the dose is being reported,e.g.,15.3Gy(LiF).1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E10 on NuclearTechnology and Applications and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE1
11、0.07 on Radiation Dosimetry for Radiation Effects on Materials and Devices.Current edition approved Aug.1,2013.Published September 2013.Originallyapproved in 1997.Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E1894 13.DOI:10.1520/E1894-13A.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.o
12、rg,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3For referenced ISO/ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annu
13、al Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from the International Commission on Radiation Units andMeasurements,7910 Woodmont Ave.,Suite 800,Bethesda,MD 20814,U.S.A.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C
14、700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2 absorbed dose enhancementincrease(or decrease)inthe absorbed dose(as compared to the equilibrium absorbeddose)at a point in a material of interest.This can be expectedto occur near an interface with a material of higher or loweratomic number.3.3
15、 convertera target for electron beams,generally of ahigh atomic number material,in which bremsstrahlung X-raysare produced by radiative energy losses of the incident elec-trons.3.4 dosimetera device that,when irradiated,exhibits aquantifiable change in some property of the device which canbe related
16、 to absorbed dose in a given material using appro-priate analytical instrumentation and techniques.3.5 dosimetry systema system used for determining ab-sorbeddose,consistingofdosimeters,measurementinstruments,and their associated reference standards,andprocedures for the systems use.3.6 DUTdevice under test.This is the electronic compo-nent or system tested to determine its performance during orafter irradiation.3.7 endpoint energyendpoint energy refers to the peakenergy of the electron beam,usu
