1、Designation:E2103/E2103M13Standard Classification forBridge ElementsUNIFORMAT II1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2103/E2103M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This standard establishes a classification of bridgeelements within the UNIFORMAT II family of elementalclassifications.It covers most highway bridge
3、s,railroadbridges,and pedestrian bridges.1.2 UNIFORMAT II classifications have an elemental for-mat similar to the original UNIFORMAT2building elementalclassification.However,the title UNIFORMAT II differs fromthe original in that it now takes into consideration a wide rangeof constructed entities t
4、hat collectively form the built environ-ment.1.3 Elements,as defined here and in other UNIFORMAT IIClassifications,are major physical components that are com-mon within constructed entities.Elements perform their givenfunction(s),regardless of the design specification,constructionmethod,or materials
5、 used.1.4 This elemental classification serves as a consistentreference for analysis,evaluation,and monitoring during thefeasibility,planning,and design stages when constructingbridges.1.5 Using UNIFORMAT II elemental classifications ensuresa consistency in the economic evaluation of constructionpro
6、jects over time and from project to project.1.6 UNIFORMAT II classifications also enhance reportingat all stages of a constructed entitys life cyclefrom feasibil-ity and planning through the preparation of workingdocuments,construction,maintenance,rehabilitation,and dis-posal.1.7 This classification
7、 is unsuitable for process applicationsor for preparing trade estimates.1.8 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.Com
8、biningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and deter
9、mine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE833 Terminology of Building EconomicsE917 Practice for Measuring Life-Cycle Costs of Buildingsand Building SystemsE964 Practice for Measuring Benefit-to
10、-Cost and Savings-to-Investment Ratios for Buildings and Building SystemsE1057 Practice for Measuring Internal Rate of Return andAdjusted Internal Rate of Return for Investments inBuildings and Building SystemsE1074 Practice for Measuring Net Benefits and Net Savingsfor Investments in Buildings and
11、Building SystemsE1121 Practice for Measuring Payback for Investments inBuildings and Building SystemsE1185 Guide for Selecting Economic Methods for Evaluat-ing Investments in Buildings and Building SystemsE1369 Guide for Selecting Techniques for Treating Uncer-tainty and Risk in the Economic Evaluat
12、ion of Buildingsand Building SystemsE1699 Practice for Performing Value Analysis(VA)ofBuildings and Building Systems and Other ConstructedProjectsE1804 Practice for Performing and Reporting Cost AnalysisDuring the Design Phase of a ProjectE1946 Practice for Measuring Cost Risk of Buildings andBuildi
13、ng Systems and Other Constructed ProjectsE2013 Practice for Constructing FAST Diagrams and Per-forming Function Analysis During Value Analysis Study1This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 onPerformance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.81o
14、n Building Economics.Current edition approved May 1,2013.Published May 2013.Originallyapproved in 2000.Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E2103 11.DOI:10.1520/E2103_E2103M-13.2The original UNIFORMAT classification was developed jointly by the GeneralServices Administration(GSA)and the America
15、n Institute of Architects(AIA).3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Ba
16、rr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 E2506 Guide for Developing a Cost-Effective Risk Mitiga-tion Plan for New and Existing Constructed FacilitiesE2691 Practice for Job Productivity Measurement2.2 ASTM UNIFORMAT II Classification Standards Fam-ily:3E1557 Classification for Building Elements and RelatedSiteworkUNIFORMAT IIE2083 Classification for Building Construction FieldRequirements,and Office Overhead&ProfitE2168 Classification for Allowance,Contingency,a
