1、Designation:E214411An American National StandardStandard Practice forPersonal Sampling and Analysis of Endotoxin inMetalworking Fluid Aerosols in Workplace Atmospheres1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2144;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforig
2、inal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers quantitative methods for the per-sonal sampling a
3、nd determination of bacterial endotoxin con-centrations in poly-disperse metalworking fluid aerosols inworkplace atmospheres.Users should have fundamentalknowledge of microbiological techniques and endotoxin test-ing.1.2 Users of this practice may obtain personal or areaexposure data of endotoxin in
4、 metalworking fluid aerosols,either on a short-term or full-shift basis in workplace atmo-spheres.1.3 This practice gives an estimate of the endotoxin con-centration of the sampled atmosphere.1.4 This practice seeks to minimize inter laboratory varia-tion but does not ensure uniformity of results.1.
5、5 It is anticipated that this practice will facilitate interlaboratory comparisons of airborne endotoxin data from met-alworking fluid atmospheres,particularly metal removal fluidatmospheres,by providing a basis for endotoxin sampling,extraction,and analytical methods.1.6 In 1997,the Occupational Sa
6、fety and Health Adminis-tration(OSHA)empanelled a Standards Advisory Committeeto make recommendations to the Administration regardingmeasures that the Administration could take to improve thehealth of workers exposed to metalworking fluids.A report tothe Assistant Secretary of Labor for OSHA was sub
7、mitted inJuly,1999.Subcommittee E34.50 believes that the user com-munity would benefit significantly if a standard method wasdeveloped to give the community guidance on a methodologyfor the sampling and analysis of personal airborne endotoxinexposure assessments in facilities using water-miscible me
8、talremoval fluids,based on the LAL assay or other endotoxindetection technologies as they become available.1.7 This practice does not attempt to set or imply limits forpersonal exposure to endotoxin in metalworking fluid aerosolsin workplace environments.1.8 This standard does not purport to address
9、 all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1356 Terminology Rel
10、ating to Sampling and Analysis ofAtmospheresD4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody ProceduresD5337 Practice for Flow Rate Adjustment of Personal Sam-pling PumpsD6629 Guide for Selection of Methods for Estimating SoilLoss by ErosionE1370 Guide for Air Sampling Strategies for Worker andWorkplace Prot
11、ectionE1497 Practice for Selection and Safe Use of Water-Miscible and Straight Oil Metal Removal FluidsE1542 Terminology Relating to Occupational Health andSafety2.2 OSHA Standards:329 CFR 1910.1000 Air Contaminants29 CFR 1910.1450 Occupational Exposure to HazardousChemicals in Laboratories2.3 Other
12、 Documents:Criteria Document for a Recommended Standard:Occupa-tional Exposure to Metalworking Fluids4NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods(NMAM)41This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E34 on Occupa-tional Health and Safety and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E34.50 onH
13、ealth and Safety Standards for Metal Working Fluids.Current edition approved Dec.1,2011.Published December 2011.Originallyapproved in 2001.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E2144-01(2007).DOI:10.1520/E2144-11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM C
14、ustomer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S.Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N.Capitol St.,NW,Mail Stop:SDE,Washington,DC 20401,http:/www.access.gp
15、o.gov.4Available from U.S.Department of Health and Human Services,Public HealthService,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,National Institute for Occu-pational Safety and Health,4676 Columbia Pkwy.,Cincinnati,OH 45226.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshoh
16、ocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms in this practice relating tosampling and analysis of atmospheres,refer to TerminologyD1356.For definitions of terms in this practice relating tooccupational health and safety,refer to Terminology E1542.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 endotoxin,npyrogenic high molar mass lipopolysac-charide(LPS)complex associated with the cell wall ofgram-negative bacteria.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThough endotoxins are
