1、Designation:D7902141Standard Terminology forRadiochemical Analyses1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7902;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates
2、the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorial changes were made throughout in January 2015.1.Scope1.1 This standard describes terminology commonly used inradiochemistry and radioanalysis.1.2 The values stated in S
3、I units are to be regarded asstandard.Other units of measurement,including some unitsthat are not accepted for use with the SI,are also defined.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard
4、to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D7282 Practice for Set-up,Calibration,and Quality Controlof Instruments Used for Radioactivity Measurements2.2 International Bureau
5、of Weights and Measures Docu-ments:3GUM Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measure-ment(GUM),100:20082.3 Code of Federal Regulations Documents:440 CFR 141.25 Analytical Methods for Radioactivity40 CFR Appendix B to Part 136 Definition and Procedurefor the Determination of the Method Detection
6、 Limit2.4 ANSI Documents:5ANSI N42.22 Traceability of Radioactive Sources to theNational Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST)and Associated Instrument Quality Control3.Significance and Use3.1 This terminology standard describes terms and defini-tions used in standards for radiochemical analys
7、is maintainedby ASTM Committee D19 on Water.The terminology is alsorecommended for general use in the radiochemistry commu-nity.4.Terminology:Terms and Definitions4 geometry,ngeometry in which the radiation detector hasessentially the same probability of detecting radiation fromthe source emitted in
8、 any direction.absorption(of radiation),ntransfer of some or all of theenergy of a radiation to matter it traverses.abundance,(1)nprobability of emission of a given radiationduring the decay of an atom of a given radionuclide;radiation emission probabilityalso called intensity;(2)see isotopic abunda
9、nce.actinide,nany element with atomic number between 89 and103,including actinium,thorium,protactinium,uranium,neptunium,plutonium,americium,and curium.activation,ninducement of radioactivity by irradiation.activation analysis,nanalysis based on the characteristicradiations emitted by nuclides forme
10、d by activation.activity(for radionuclides),A T1,nmean rate of radio-active decay in a quantity of material.DISCUSSIONThe term activity may be qualified by specifying one ormore radionuclides(for example,238U activity)or the type of decay(for example,gross alpha activity).DISCUSSIONThe SI unit of ac
11、tivity is the becquerel(Bq),whichequals 1 s1(one nuclear disintegration per second).activity concentration,(1)nquotient of the activity of aspecified quantity of material and its volume;volumicactivity;(2)nquotient of the activity of a specified quantity ofmaterial and its associated mass or size.1T
12、his terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Waterand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.04 on Methods of Radiochemi-cal Analysis.Current edition approved Jan.15,2014.Published January 2015.DOI:10.1520/D7902-14E01.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM webs
13、ite,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Bureau International des Poids et Mesures(BIPM),Pavillon deBreteuil F-92312 Svres Cedex,France,http:
14、/http:/www.bipm.org.4Available from U.S.Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N.Capitol St.,NW,Mail Stop:SDE,Washington,DC 20401,http:/www.access.gpo.gov.5Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.Copy
15、right ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 aliquant,nfractional part that does not evenly divide thewhole.aliquot,nfractional part that evenly divides the whole.DISCUSSIONChemists commonly use the term aliquot to mean eitheran aliquant o
16、r aliquot of a sample.alpha decay,nradioactive decay accompanied by the emis-sion of an alpha particle.alpha particle,particle,nparticle consisting of twoprotons and two neutrons(a4He nucleus)emitted from anucleus during certain types of radioactive decay.alpha-particlespectrometry,alphaspectrometry,nmeasurement of components of a sample or system basedon analysis of alpha-particle spectra.DISCUSSIONIn titles and summaries,the full name alpha-particlespectrometry is preferred.In other contexts,e
