1、Designation:D772117Standard Practice forDetermining the Effect of Fluid Selection on HydraulicSystem or Component Efficiency1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7721;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,th
2、e year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This practice covers all hydraulic fluids.1.2 This practice is applicable to both laboratory and fieldevaluation
3、s.1.3 This practice provides guidelines for conducting hy-draulic fluid evaluations.It does not prescribe a specificefficiency test methodology.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purpor
4、t to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in ac
5、cor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM
6、Standards:2D4174 Practice for Cleaning,Flushing,and Purification ofPetroleum Fluid Hydraulic SystemsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products,LiquidFuels,and Lubricants2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 4391 Hydraulic fluid powerPumps,motors and inte-gral transmissionsParameter definitions and letter sym
7、-bolsISO 4392 Hydraulic fluid powerDetermination of charac-teristics of motorsISO 4409 Hydraulic fluid powerPositive displacementpumpsMethods of testing and presenting basic steadystate performanceISO 5598 Fluid power systems&componentsVocabularyISO 8426 Hydraulic fluid powerPositive displacementpum
8、ps and motorsDetermination of derived capacity2.3 Other Standards:VDI 2198 Type Sheets for Industrial Trucks43.Terminology3.1 For additional definitions related to petroleum productsand lubricants,see Terminology D4175.For additional defini-tions related to fluid power systems and components,see ISO
9、5598.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 component,nof a hydraulic system,an individualunit,excluding piping,comprising one or more parts designedto be a functional part of a fluid power system,for example,cylinder,motor,valve,or filter.3.2.2 critical parts,nthose components used in the testthat are known to affe
10、ct test severity.3.2.3 cycle time,nthe amount of time it takes for amachine to perform a repetitive segment of an operation,typically measured as the time it takes a machine to return tothe original position after completing a task.3.2.4 effciency,nthe ratio of actual work output of acomponent or ma
11、chine to the theoretical work output calcu-lated from the measured input power.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D02.N0 on Hydraulic Fluids.Current edition approved May 1,2
12、017.Published June 2017.Originallyapproved in 2011.Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D7721 11.DOI:10.1520 D7721-17.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer t
13、o the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from International Organization for Standardization(ISO),ISOCentral Secretariat,BIBC II,Chemin de Blandonnet 8,CP 401,1214 Vernier,Geneva,Switzerland,http:/www.iso.org.4Available from Verein Deutscher Ingenieure(VDI)(TheAssociation
14、of GermanEngineers),VDI-Platz 1,40468 Dsseldorf,Germany,www.vdi.de.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with
15、 internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 3.2.5 energy consumption,nthe total energy c
16、ontent con-sumed during a test in kWh;determined from electric powermeter readings or calculated from the mass of fuel consumedand the lower heating value of the fuel.3.2.6 fit for use,nproduct,system,or service that issuitable for its intended use.3.2.7 fuel rate,nthe rate at which fuel is consumed in L/h,normalized to the fuel density at 15 C.3.2.8 grade,ndesignation given a material by a manufac-turer so that it is always reproduced to the same specificationsestablished by standards organizat
