1、Designation:D700716Standard Practices forElectrical Methods for Locating Leaks in GeomembranesCovered with Water or Earthen Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7007;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of re
2、vision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 These practices cover standard procedures for usingelectrical methods to locate leaks in geomembranes co
3、veredwith water or earthen materials.For clarity,this practice usesthe term“leak”to mean holes,punctures,tears,knife cuts,seam defects,cracks,and similar breaches in an installedgeomembrane(as defined in 3.2.5).1.2 These practices are intended to ensure that leak locationsurveys are performed with d
4、emonstrated leak detection capa-bility.To allow further innovations,and because various leaklocation practitioners use a wide variety of procedures andequipment to perform these surveys,performance-based opera-tions are used that specify the minimum leak detection perfor-mance for the equipment and
5、procedures.1.3 These practices require that the leak location equipment,procedures,and survey parameters used are demonstrated toresult in an established minimum leak detection distance.Thesurvey shall then be conducted using the demonstratedequipment,procedures,and survey parameters.1.4 Separate pr
6、ocedures are given for leak location surveysfor geomembranes covered with water and for geomembranescovered with earthen materials.Separate procedures are givenfor leak detection distance tests using actual and artificial leaks.1.5 Examples of methods of data analysis for soil-coveredsurveys are pro
7、vided as guidance in Appendix X1.1.6 Leak location surveys can be used on geomembranesinstalled in basins,ponds,tanks,ore and waste pads,landfillcells,landfill caps,and other containment facilities.Theprocedures are applicable for geomembranes made of materialssuch as polyethylene,polypropylene,poly
8、vinyl chloride,chlo-rosulfonated polyethylene,bituminous material,and otherelectrically-insulating materials.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.8(WarningThe electrical methods used for geomem-brane leak locatio
9、n could use high voltages,resulting in thepotential for electrical shock or electrocution.This hazardmight be increased because operations might be conducted inor near water.In particular,a high voltage could exist betweenthe water or earthen material and earth ground,or anygrounded conductor.These
10、procedures are potentially VERYDANGEROUS,and can result in personal injury or death.Theelectrical methods used for geomembrane leak location shouldbe attempted only by qualified and experienced personnel.Appropriate safety measures must be taken to protect the leaklocation operators as well as other
11、 people at the site.)1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to u
12、se.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD6747 Guide for Selection of Techniques for Electrical LeakLocation of Leaks in Geomembranes3.Terminology3.1 For general definitions related to geosynthetics,seeTerminology D4439.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This
13、 Standard:3.2.1 artificial leak,nan electrical simulation of a leak ina geomembrane.3.2.2 current source electrode,nthe electrode that isplaced in the water or earthen material above the geomem-brane.3.2.3 dipole measurement,nan electrical measurementmade on or in a partially conductive material usi
14、ng twoclosely-spaced electrodes.1These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomem-branes.Current edition approved Jan.1,2016.Published January 2016.Originallyapproved in 2003.Last previous edition appro
15、ved in 2015 as D7007-15.DOI:10.1520/D7007-16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM Intern
16、ational,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2.4 earthen material,nsand,gravel,clay,silt,combina-tions of these materials,and similar materials with at leastminimal moisture for electrical current conduction.3.2.5 leak,nfor the purposes of these practices,a leak isany unintended opening,perforation,breach,slit,tear,puncture,crack,or seam breach.Significant amounts of liquidsor solids may or may not flow through a leak.Scratches,gouges,dents,or other
