1、Designation:D781912(Reapproved 2021)Standard Test Method forEnumeration of Yeast and Mold on Fresh(Uncured)Hidesand Skins1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7819;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the y
2、ear of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the enumeration of yeast andmold on fresh(uncured)hides and skins.This test method isapplica
3、ble to uncured hides and skins.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this
4、 standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decisio
5、n on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D6715 Practice for Sampling and Preparation of Fresh orSalt-Preserved(Cured)Hides and Sk
6、ins for Chemical andPhysical TestsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods3.Summary of Test Method3.1 Samples of uncured hides and skins are serially dilutedand plated on
7、agar containing an antibiotic solution.The platesare incubated at 20 25 C for 5 days.4.Significance and Use4.1 This test method enumerates yeast and mold.Yeast andmold have been known to cause damage to hides and skins.5.Apparatus5.1 Incubator,20 25 C.5.2 Colony counter(not mandatory,but highly reco
8、m-mended).5.3 Sterile pipets.5.4 Stomacher,for mixing initial dilution.(If stomacher isunavailable,hand-mix.)5.5 Balance.5.6 Sterile petri dishes.5.7 Autoclave(sterilizer).(Check the effectiveness of ster-ilization weekly.For example,place spore suspensions or stripsof Bacillus stearothermophilus(co
9、mmercially available)insideglassware for a full autoclave cycle.Follow manufacturersdirections for sterilization of specific media.)5.8 pH meter.5.9 Waterbath,45 6 1 C.5.10 Stomacher bags,or sterile,sealable quart plastic bag(for example,food storage type,sterile bag).5.11 Cutting tool,sterile(for e
10、xample,scalpel blade andforcep,as needed for cutting cured hides and skins).5.12 Vortex mixer,for mixing dilution tubes(optional).5.13 Autoclave thermometer,or equivalent for monitoringautoclave temperature.6.Reagents and Materials6.1 Butterfields Phosphate Stock Solution:Dissolve 34 gKH2PO4(Potassi
11、um Phosphate monobasic)in 500 mL DIwater.Adjust the pH to 7.2 6 0.1 with 1N 6N NaOH.Bringvolume to 1 L with DI water.Sterilize for 15 min at 121 C.NOTE1Typical autoclave setting is 120 124 C at 15 psi.(See 5.7.)6.2 Butterfields Phosphate Diluent(BPD):Take 1.25 mLofButterfields Phosphate Stock soluti
12、on(6.1)and bring to 1 Lwith DI water.Dispense into 1-litre bottles and 9-mL dilutiontubes.Sterilize for 15 min at 121 C.(See Note 1.)1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leatherand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.02 on Wet Blue.Current edition approve
13、d Sept.1,2021.Published October 2021.Originallyapproved in 2012.Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D7819 12(2016).DOI:10.1520/D7819-12R21.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volu
14、me information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardiza
15、tion established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.16.3 Potato Dextrose Agar(PDA).6.4 Antibiotic solution(Chloramphenicol)3(needed toinhibit bacterial
16、 growth on agar).6.5 Distilled or deionized water.6.6 NaOH,1N 6N.6.7 Bacillus stearothermophilus spore suspensions or strips(commercially available),or equivalent.7.Hazards7.1 All reagents and chemicals should be handled with care.Before using any chemical,read and follow all safety precau-tions and instructions on the manufacturers label or MSDS(Material Safety Data Sheet).8.Sampling8.1 The specimen shall be sampled in accordance withPractice D6715,and placed in sterile containers.9.Preparation
