1、Designation:D802015(Reapproved 2020)Standard Test Method forFreeze-Thaw Viscosity Stability of Water-Based Inks and InkVehicles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8020;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision
2、,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for evaluating theeffect of freeze-thaw cycling on the properties of water
3、-basedinks and ink vehicles.1.2 This test is based on a similar standard test for coatings;Test Method D2243.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety conc
4、erns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with inter
5、nationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2243 Tes
6、t Method for Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Water-Borne CoatingsD2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational ViscometerD4212 Test Method for Viscosity by Dip-Type ViscosityCupsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice
7、for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3.Summary of Test Method3.1 The waterborne ink or ink vehicle is placed into two237-mL plastic jars.One jar is stored at room temperature,while the other jar is subjected to cycles of freezing andthawing.After cycling,
8、the ink or ink vehicle is examined forchanges in viscosity and uniformity.4.Significance and Use4.1 When waterborne inks and ink vehicles are shippedduring cold weather,these materials may experience cycles offreezing and thawing.This can damage the material renderingit unusable.4.2 Cycles of freezi
9、ng and thawing can cause more damageto waterborne inks or ink vehicles than when the inks or inkvehicles are subjected to steady freezing.5.Apparatus5.1 Test Chamber,a suitable cabinet,room,or enclosurespace large enough to contain the specimens to be testedpermitting at least 25 mm(1 in.)of air spa
10、ce between the sidesof adjacent jars and capable of being maintained continuouslyat a temperature of 18C(0F).NOTE1Although a variation of the test chamber temperature of 62C(3.5F)is allowed,the test chamber temperature should be maintained asnear 18C(0F)as practicable and the amount of variation sho
11、uld berecorded and reported.5.2 Viscometer,a dip-type viscosity cup as described in TestMethod D4212 or a Brookfield type viscometer as described inTest Methods D2196.5.3 Recirculating Water Bath,capable of maintaining atemperature of 25 6 1C(77 61.8F).5.4 Cylindrical Container,with a capacity of 0.
12、5-L(1-pt),85 mm(338in.)diameter to contain the test specimen duringtesting.5.5 Spatula.6.Sampling and Test Specimens6.1 Ensure that the bulk sample from which the jars arefilled is well stirred and uniform,the containers used are clean,1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D0
13、1 on Paintand Related Coatings,Materials,and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.37 on Ink Vehicles.Current edition approved June 1,2020.Published July 2020.Originally approvedin 2015.Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D8020 15.DOI:10.1520/D8020-15R20.2For referen
14、ced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohock
15、en,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organizatio
16、n Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.and the lids are applied promptly to the jars to preventevaporation losses.Prepare two specimens for testing by filling0.5-L plastic jars with 400 mL of the ink or ink vehicle.Identify one as the test specimen and the other as the controlspecimen.7.Procedure7.1 Stir the specimen by hand and measure its viscosity inaccordance with Test Methods D4212 or D2196.7.2 Store the control specimen at room temperature.7.3 Place the test specimen in the chamber ma
