1、Designation:D781912Standard Test Method forEnumeration of Yeast and Mold on Fresh(Uncured)Hidesand Skins1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7819;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revis
2、ion.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the enumeration of yeast andmold on fresh(uncured)hides and skins.This test method isapplicable to uncured hi
3、des and skins.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to esta
4、blish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D6715 Practice for Sampling and Preparation of Fresh orSalt-Preserved(Cured)Hides and Skins for Chemical andPhysical TestsE691 Practice for
5、 Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods3.Summary of Test Method3.1 Samples of uncured hides and skins are serially dilutedand plated on agar containing an antibiotic solution.The platesar
6、e incubated at 2025C for 5 days.4.Significance and Use4.1 This test method enumerates yeast and mold.Yeast andmold have been known to cause damage to hides and skins.5.Apparatus5.1 Incubator,2025C.5.2 Colony counter(not mandatory,but highly recom-mended).5.3 Sterile pipets.5.4 Stomacher,for mixing i
7、nitial dilution.If stomacher isunavailable,hand-mix.5.5 Balance.5.6 Sterile petri dishes.5.7 Autoclave(sterilizer).(Check the effectiveness of ster-ilization weekly.For example,place spore suspensions or stripsof Bacillus stearothermophilus(commercially available)insideglassware for a full autoclave
8、 cycle.Follow manufacturersdirections for sterilization of specific media.)5.8 pH meter.5.9 Waterbath,45 6 1C.5.10 Stomacher bags,or sterile,sealable quart plastic bag(e.g.Food storage type,sterile bag).5.11 Cutting tool,sterile(e.g.scalpel blade and forcep,asneeded for cutting cured hides and skins
9、).5.12 Vortex mixer,for mixing dilution tubes(optional).5.13 Autoclave thermometer,or equivalent for monitoringautoclave temperature.6.Reagents and Materials6.1 Butterfields Phosphate Stock Solution:Dissolve 34 gKH2PO4(Potassium Phosphate monobasic)in 500 mL DIwater.Adjust the pH to 7.2 6 0.1 with 1
10、N 6N NaOH.Bringvolume to 1 L with DI water.Sterilize for 15 min at 121C.NOTE1Typical autoclave setting is 120124C at 15 psi.(See 5.7.)6.2 Butterfields Phosphate Diluent(BPD):Take 1.25 mL ofButterfields Phosphate Stock solution(6.1)and bring to 1 Lwith DI water.Dispense into 1 litre bottles and 9 mL
11、dilutiontubes.Sterilize for 15 min at 121C.(See Note 1.)6.3 Potato Dextrose Agar(PDA).1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leatherand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.02 on Wet Blue.Current edition approved Sept.1,2012.Published October 2012.DOI:10.152
12、0/D7819-122For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Bo
13、x C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 6.4 Antibiotic solution(Chloramphenicol3)(needed toinhibit bacterial growth on agar).6.5 Distilled or deionized water.6.6 NaOH,1N 6N.6.7 Bacillus stearothermophilus spore suspensions or strips(commercially available),or equivalent.7.Hazards7.1 Al
14、l reagents and chemicals should be handled with care.Before using any chemical,read and follow all safety precau-tions and instructions on the manufacturers label or MSDS(Material Safety Data Sheet).8.Sampling8.1 The specimen shall be sampled in accordance withPractice D6715,and placed in sterile co
15、ntainers.9.Preparation of Potato Dextrose Agar and AntibioticSolution9.1 Prepare the Antibiotic stock(10,000 ppm)solution bydissolving 1 g of chloramphenicol in 100 mL sterile deionizedor distilled water.Store this stock solution in a dark location at5C for up to two months.9.2 Suspend 39 g of Potat
16、o Dextrose Agar in 1 litre ofdeionized or distilled water and heat to boiling to dissolvecompletely.9.3 Add 10 mL of chloramphenicol stock solution per litreof agar to give a concentration of 100 ppm.Sterilize in theautoclave for 15 min at 121C.(See Note 1.)Cool to 45 6 1Cin a waterbath.Once medium has been tempered,it can be heldfor 23 h before use,provided the water level in the waterbathis 23 cm above the surface of the agar.Final pH of the agar:5.6 6 0.2.10.Procedure10.1 Using a sterile scal
