1、Designation:D731410(Reapproved 2015)Standard Practice forDetermination of the Heating Value of Gaseous Fuels usingCalorimetry and On-line/At-line Sampling1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7314;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、 or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice is for the determination of the heatingvalue measurement of gaseous f
3、uels using a calorimeter.Heating value determination of sample gasses containing watervapor will require vapor phase moisture measurements of thepre-combustion sample gas as well as the non-condensedgasses exiting the calorimeter.Instruments equipped withappropriate conditioners and algorithms may p
4、rovide heatingvalue results on a net or gross and dry or wet basis.1.2 This practice is applicable to at-line and in-line instru-ments that are operated from time to time on a continuousbasis.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included i
5、n thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.R
6、eferenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1070 Test Methods for Relative Density of Gaseous FuelsD1826 Test Method for Calorific(Heating)Value of Gases inNatural Gas Range by Continuous Recording CalorimeterD3588 Practice for Calculating Heat Value,CompressibilityFactor,and Relative Density of Gaseous
7、 FuelsD3764 Practice for Validation of the Performance of ProcessStream Analyzer SystemsD4150 Terminology Relating to Gaseous FuelsD4891 Test Method for Heating Value of Gases in NaturalGas and Flare Gases Range by Stoichiometric Combus-tionD5287 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Gaseous FuelsD5503
8、 Practice for Natural Gas Sample-Handling and Con-ditioning Systems for Pipeline InstrumentationD6122 Practice for Validation of the Performance of Multi-variate Online,At-Line,and Laboratory Infrared Spectro-photometer Based Analyzer SystemsD6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurancea
9、nd Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate AnalyticalMeasurement System PerformanceD6621 Practice for Performance Testing of Process Analyz-ers for Aromatic Hydrocarbon MaterialsD7164 Practice for On-line/At-line Heating Value Determi-nation of Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatography2.2 ISO Standards:3I
10、SO 14532 Natural gasVocabularyISO 7504 Gas analysisVocabulary3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 at-line instrument,nSee Terminology D4150,Sec-tion 3.3.1.2 auto-verification,nan automated means of introduc-ing Calibration Gas Mixtures or Reference Gas Mixtures intoan analyzer for the purposes of veri
11、fying the analyzer responsewithout making any adjustments to the calibration parametersof the analyzer.3.1.3 bypass line,nLine ultimately vented to the atmo-sphere that is used where it is impractical to provide a sufficientpressure differential.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe flowrate and pressure loss in th
12、eopen-ended line needs to be controlled so as to ensure that thesample accuracy is not affected from any cooling and conden-sation or both(reference ISO 14532 paragraph 2.3.2.9).1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D03 on GaseousFuels and is the direct responsibility of Subcomm
13、ittee D03.12 on On-Line/At-LineAnalysis of Gaseous Fuels.Current edition approved June 1,2015.Published July 2015.Originally approvedin 2008.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D7314-10.DOI:10.1520/D7314-10R15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Cu
14、stomer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from International Organization for Standardization(ISO),1,ch.dela Voie-Creuse,Case postale 56,CH-1211,Geneva 20,Switzerland,http:/www.iso.
15、ch.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.4 calibration gas mixture,na certified gas mixturewith known composition used for the calibration of a measur-ing instrument or for the validation of a measurement or gasanalytical me
16、thod.3.1.4.1 DiscussionCalibration Gas Mixtures are the ana-logues of measurement standards in physical metrology(ref-erence ISO 7504 paragraph 4.1)3.1.5 calorimeter,nSee Terminology D4150,Section 3.3.1.6 continuous fuel monitor,nan instrument thatsamples gas directly from a source continuously and providesan analytical result on a continuous or semi-continuous basis.3.1.7 direct sampling,adjsampling where there is a directconnection between the sample source and the analytical unit,that is,in-l
