1、Designation:D787213An American National StandardStandard Test Method forDetermining the Concentration of Pipeline Drag ReducerAdditive in Aviation Turbine Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7872;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal ad
2、option or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of highmolecular weight polymers,in p
3、articular pipeline drag reduceradditive(DRA),in aviation turbine fuels with a 72 g/L lowerdetection limit.The method cannot differentiate between dif-ferent polymers types.Thus,any non-DRA high molecularweight polymer will cause a positive measurement bias.Further investigation is required to confir
4、m the polymerdetected is DRA.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 WarningMercury has been designated by many regu-latory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause centralnervous system,kidney and liver da
5、mage.Mercury,or itsvapor,may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials.Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercurycontaining products.See the applicable product MaterialSafety Data Sheet(MSDS)for details and EPAs website http:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm for additional infor-ma
6、tion.Users should be aware that selling mercury and/ormercury containing products into your state or country may beprohibited by law.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establis
7、h appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products2.
8、2 Other Reference:CRC Report No.642 Investigation of Pipeline Drag Reduc-ers in Aviation Turbine Fuels3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 bumping,vviolent boiling which displaces liquidinto the distillation flask.3.1.2 drag reducing additive(DRA),na material com-prised of very high molecular weight h
9、ydrocarbon polymersthat is soluble in petroleum products and used to reduce thefluid friction during pipeline transportation.3.1.3 rotary evaporation,na distillation process utilizingheat,reduced pressure and a rotating flask which evaporatesfluid to reduce the volume of a sample of material.3.1.3.1
10、 DiscussionThe apparatus,consisting of a round-bottomed flask in a heated bath,is operated under vacuum(reduced pressure)to lower the boiling point of the fluid,andthe rotational motion accelerates evaporation of the liquid bycreating additional surface area of the fluid being distilled off.3.1.4 sh
11、eared DRA,nthe very long hydrocarbon polymersof drag reducing agent that have been shortened by severephysical processes such that the resulting material is no longereffective at reducing fluid friction.3.1.4.1 DiscussionSevere physical and mechanical pro-cesses include large pressure changes which
12、can occur atcontrol valves,pumps,meters,reductions in pipe diameterwhich affect fluid velocity,and ultrasonication in a laboratoryprocess,resulting in shorter polymeric chains which are stillvery large compared to the fuel molecules and are non-distillable.3.1.5 total exclusion,npolymers larger than
13、 the pore sizecannot enter the pores and elute together as the first peak in thechromatogram.3.2 Abbreviations:3.2.1 DRAdrag reducing additive3.2.2 GPCgel permeation chromatography3.2.3 RIrefractive index1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fu
14、els,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.J0.01 on Jet Fuel Specifications.Current edition approved June 15,2013.Published September 2013.DOI:10.1520/D7872-13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceast
15、m.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2.4 THFtetrahydrofuran4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The method emplo
16、ys a rotary evaporator(also called arotovap)to concentrate the DRA in a base sample followed byGPC to separate and quantify the DRA from the remaining jetfuel.Rotovaping is a rapid vacuum distillation process used toreduce the volume of jet fuel which effectively increases therelative DRA concentration.The GPC method uses heptane orTHF as the mobile phase,a single separation column andrefractive index detection.The separation column containsparticles with pore sizes that totally exclude sheared
