1、Designation:D89109Standard Test Methods forSpecific Gravity,Apparent,of Liquid Industrial Chemicals1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D891;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 These test methods cover the determination of thespecific
3、 gravity,apparent,of liquid industrial chemicals.Twotest methods are covered as follows:1.1.1 Test Method A,specific gravity,apparent,by means ofa hydrometer.1.1.2 Test Method B,specific gravity,apparent,by means ofa pycnometer.NOTE1Test Method D4052 describes an instrumental procedure.1.2 In common
4、 usage the term specific gravity,apparent,isunderstood to mean specific gravity.Since this test method is tobe in conformity with Terminology E12,all terms readingspecific gravity were changed to specific gravity,apparent,without altering the meaning of specific gravity and,the termapparent could be
5、 dropped in everyday operations after estab-lishing the use term equivalency.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thesetest methods with the exception of Fahrenheit(F)in 5.1 as anexample of a possible industrial specification u
6、nit.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 Review the
7、 current Materials Safety Data Sheets(MSDS)for detailed information concerning toxicity,first aidprocedures,handling,and safety precautions.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD4052 Test Method for Density,Relative Density,and APIGravity of Liquids by Digit
8、al Density MeterE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE12 Terminology Relating to Density and Specific Gravityof Solids,Liquids,and Gases(Withdrawn 1996)3E100 Specification for ASTM HydrometersE202 Test Methods for Analysis of Ethylene Glycols andPropylene GlycolsE302 Test Methods fo
9、r Monobasic Organic Acids(Discon-tinued 2001)(Withdrawn 2001)3E346 Test Methods for Analysis of Methanol3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 specific gravity,apparentthe ratio of the weight inair of a unit volume of a material at a stated temperature to theweight in
10、air of equal density of an equal volume of gas-freedistilled water(see Note 2)at a stated temperature.It shall bestated as follows:Specific gravity,apparent,x/y7C(1)where x is the temperature of the material and y is thetemperature of the water.NOTE2Gas-free distilled water is distilled water that h
11、as been boiledto eliminate dissolved gases.4.Significance and Use4.1 Specific gravity,apparent,may be used as a qualitativetest in establishing the identity of a chemical.It may be used tocalculate the volume occupied by a product whose weight isknown,or to calculate the weight of a product from its
12、 volume.It may be used to determine the composition of binary mixturesof pure chemicals.In the case of most refined industrialchemicals specific gravity,apparent,is of minimal value indefining quality,although it may detect gross contamination.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM C
13、ommittee E15 onIndustrial and Specialty Chemicals and are the direct responsibility of Subcommit-tee E15.01 on General Standards.Current edition approved April 1,2009.Published April 2009.Originallyapproved in 1946.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D891-95(2004).DOI:10.1520/D0891-09.2For ref
14、erenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww
15、.astm.org.4These definitions conform to those in Terminology E12 with this explanationmodified as follows:specific gravity corresponds to apparent specific gravity asdefined in Terminology E12 and absolute specific gravity corresponds to specificgravity as defined in Terminology E12.*A Summary of Ch
16、anges section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 4.2 Of the two test methods described,the pycnometermethod(Test Method B,1.1.2)is the most accurate andprecise.For this reason it is the preferred method in case ofdisputes.The hydrometer method(Test MethodA,1.1.1)is theleast accurate and precise,but it is also the simplest and fastestto perform and is often entirely satisfactory for many
