1、Designation:D728221Standard Practice forSetup,Calibration,and Quality Control of Instruments Usedfor Radioactivity Measurements1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7282;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision
2、,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers consensus criteria for the setup,calibration,and quality control of nuclear instruments.S
3、etupestablishes the operating parameters of the instrumentforexample,voltage or discriminator settings.Calibrations deter-mine the instruments response characteristicsfor example,its counting efficiency or gain.Quality control ensures that theperformance of the instrument remains acceptable for itsi
4、ntended use and consistent with the performance at the time ofcalibration.1.2 This practice addresses four of the most commonly usedtypesofnuclearcountinginstruments:alpha-particlespectrometer,gamma-ray spectrometer,gas proportionalcounter,and liquid scintillation counter.1.3 The values stated in SI
5、 units are to be regarded asstandard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions that are provided for information only and are notconsidered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the
6、 user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established i
7、n the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD3648 Practices for the Measurement of R
8、adioactivityD7283 Test Method forAlpha and BetaActivity in Water ByLiquid Scintillation CountingD7902 Terminology for Radiochemical AnalysesE2586 Practice for Calculating and Using Basic Statistics2.2 Other Standards:ANSI N42.22 Traceability of Radioactive Sources to theNational Institute of Standar
9、ds and Technology(NIST)and Associated Instrument Quality Control3ANSI N42.23 Measurement and Associated InstrumentationQuality Assurance for Radioassay Laboratories3ANSI/HPS N13.30 Performance Criteria for Radiobioassay3ISO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competenceof Testing and Calibration
10、Laboratories4JCGM 100:2008 Evaluation of Measurement Data Guideto the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement53.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard,refer toTerminologies D1129 and D7902 and Practice E2586.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard
11、:3.2.1 acceptable verification ratio(AVR),nratio of theabsolute difference between the measured value of the verifi-cation sample and the known value added to the verificationsample to the square root of the sum of the squares of theirassociated combined standard uncertainties.3.2.1.1 DiscussionSee
12、Eq 14 in 16.2.15.3.2.2 background subtraction count(BSC),na sourcecount used to determine the background to be subtracted fromthe sample test source count.3.2.3 calibration,ndetermination of an instruments re-sponse to a known amount of radioactive material.3.2.3.1 DiscussionInstrument calibrations
13、may includecalibrations for counting efficiency,gain,and resolution.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.04 on Methods of RadiochemicalAnalysis.Current edition approved May 15,2021.Published December 2021.Original
14、lyapproved in 2006.Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D7282 14.DOI:10.1520/D7282-21.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary
15、 page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from International Organization for Standardization(ISO),1 rue deVaremb,Case postale 56,CH-1211,Geneva 20,Switzerland,http:/www.iso.ch.5Availab
16、le from Bureau International des Poids et Mesures(BIPM),Pavillon deBreteuil F-92312 Svres Cedex France,http:/www.bipm.org/en/publications/guides/gum.html.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issue
