1、Designation:D772122Standard Practice forDetermining the Effect of Fluid Selection on HydraulicSystem or Component Efficiency1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7721;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,th
2、e year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This practice covers all types and grades of hydraulicfluids.1.2 This practice is applicable to both laboratory
3、and fieldevaluations.1.3 This practice provides guidelines for conducting hy-draulic fluid evaluations.It does not prescribe a specificefficiency test methodology.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This stand
4、ard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This internati
5、onal standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committe
6、e.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4174 Practice for Cleaning,Flushing,and Purification ofPetroleum Fluid Hydraulic SystemsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products,LiquidFuels,and Lubricants2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 4391 Hydraulic fluid powerPumps,motors and inte-gral transmissionsPar
7、ameter definitions and letter sym-bolsISO 43921 Hydraulic fluid powerDetermination of char-acteristics of motorsPart 1:At constant low speed andconstant pressureISO 4409 Hydraulic fluid powerPositive-displacementpumps,motors and integral transmissionsMethods oftesting and presenting basic steady sta
8、te performanceISO 5598 Fluid power systems&componentsVocabularyISO 8426 Hydraulic fluid powerPositive displacementpumps and motorsDetermination of derived capacity3.Terminology3.1 For additional definitions related to petroleum productsand lubricants,see Terminology D4175.For additional defini-tions
9、 related to fluid power systems and components,see ISO5598.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 baseline oil,noil of known performance character-istics used as a basis for comparison.3.2.1.1 DiscussionFor purposes of this practice,the base-line oil may be a hydraulic fluid of any suitable composition.3.2.2 compone
10、nt,nof a hydraulic system,an individualunit,excluding piping,comprising one or more parts designedto be a functional part of a fluid power system,for example,cylinder,motor,valve,or filter.3.2.3 critical parts,nthose components used in the testthat are known to affect test severity.3.2.4 cycle time,
11、nthe amount of time it takes for amachine to perform a repetitive segment of an operation,typically measured as the time it takes a machine to return tothe original position after completing a task.3.2.5 energy consumption,nthe total energy content con-sumed during a test in kWh;determined from elec
12、tric powermeter readings or calculated from the mass of fuel consumedand the lower heating value of the fuel.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D02.N0 on Hydraulic Fluids.Cu
13、rrent edition approved Sept.1,2022.Published October 2022.Originallyapproved in 2011.Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D7721 17.DOI:10.1520/D7721-22.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMSt
14、andards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from International Organization for Standardization(ISO),ISOCentral Secretariat,BIBC II,Chemin de Blandonnet 8,CP 401,1214 Vernier,Geneva,Switzerland,http:/www.iso.org.*A Summary of Changes section
15、appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principl
16、es for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.13.2.6 energy effciency,nthe work output divided by theenergy input;this ratio may be expressed as a percentage.3.2.7 fit for use,nproduct,system,or service that issuitable for its intended use.3.2.8 fuel rate,nthe rate at which fuel is consumed in L/h,normalized to the fuel density at 15 C.3.2.9 grade,ndesignation given a material by a manu
