1、Designation:D648019Standard Test Method forWipe Sampling of Surfaces,Indirect Preparation,andAnalysis for Asbestos Structure Number Surface Loadingby Transmission Electron Microscopy1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6480;the number immediately following the designation indicates
2、the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure to identify asbesto
3、sin samples wiped from surfaces and to provide an estimate ofthe concentration of asbestos reported as the number ofasbestos structures per unit area of sampled surface.Theprocedure outlined in this test method employs an indirectsample preparation technique.It is intended to disperse aggre-gated as
4、bestos into fundamental fibrils,fiber bundles,clusters,or matrices.However,as with all indirect sample preparationtechniques,the asbestos observed for quantification may notrepresent the physical form of the asbestos as sampled.Morespecifically,the procedure described neither creates nor de-stroys a
5、sbestos,but it may alter the physical form of themineral fiber aggregates.1.2 This test method describes the equipment and proce-dures necessary for wipe sampling of surfaces for levels ofasbestos structures.The sample is collected onto a particle-freewipe material(wipe)from the surface of a samplin
6、g area thatmay contain asbestos.1.2.1 The collection efficiency of this wipe sampling tech-nique is unknown and will vary among substrates.Propertiesinfluencing collection efficiency include surface texture,adhesiveness,and other factors.1.2.2 This test method is generally applicable for an esti-mat
7、e of the surface loading of asbestos structures starting fromapproximately 1000 asbestos structures per square centimetre.1.3 Asbestos identification by transmission electron micros-copy(TEM)is based on morphology,electron diffraction(ED),and energy dispersive X-ray analysis(EDXA).1.4 This test meth
8、od allows determination of the type(s)ofasbestos fibers present.1.4.1 This test method cannot always discriminate betweenindividual fibers of the asbestos and nonasbestos analogues ofthe same amphibole mineral.1.4.2 There is no lower limit to the dimensions of asbestosfibers that can be detected.How
9、ever,in practice,the lowerlimit to the dimensions of asbestos fibers,that can be detected,is variable and dependent on individual microscopists.Therefore,a minimum length of 0.5 m has been defined as theshortest fiber to be incorporated in the reported results.1.5 The values stated in SI units are t
10、o be regarded asstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limi
11、tations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization
12、TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis ofAtmospheresE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE177 Practice for U
13、se of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods2.2 Government Standard:340 CFR 763,USEPA,Asbestos-Containing Materials inSchools:Final Rule and Notice,AppendixAto Sub-part E1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on AirQuality and is the direct responsibility of Subc
14、ommittee D22.07 on Sampling,Analysis,Management of Asbestos,and Other Microscopic Particles.Current edition approved June 1,2019.Published July 2019.Originally approvedin 1999.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D6480 05(2010).DOI:10.1520/D6480-19.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM
15、website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S.Government Printing Office,Superintendent ofDocuments,732 N.Capitol St.,NW,Washington,DC 204
16、01-0001,http:/www.access.gpo.gov.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 2.3 U.S.Environmental Protection Agency Sta
