1、Designation:D656012Designation:IP 14301Standard Test Method forDetermination of Asphaltenes(Heptane Insolubles)in CrudePetroleum and Petroleum Products1,2This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6560;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determina-tion of the heptane insoluble
3、 asphaltene content of gas oil,diesel fuel,residual fuel oils,lubricating oil,bitumen,andcrude petroleum that has been topped to an oil temperature of260C(see A1.2.1.1).1.2 The precision is applicable to values between 0.50 and30.0%m/m.Values outside this range may still be valid butmay not give the
4、 same precision values.1.3 Oils containing additives may give erroneous results.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with it
5、s use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric Pres
6、sureD1298 Test Method for Density,Relative Density,or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD4052 Test Method for Density,Relative Density,and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Product
7、sD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products2.2 Energy Institute Standard:4Specifications for IP Standard Thermometers3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 asphaltenes,n(rarely used in the singular)inpetroleum technology,represent an oil fraction that is solublein a specifi
8、ed aromatic solvent but separates upon addition ofan excess of a specified paraffinic solvent.3.1.1.1 DiscussionIn this test method,the aromatic sol-vent is hot toluene and the paraffinic solvent is heptane.3.1.1.2 DiscussionHistorically,benzene was the aromaticsolvent,but benzene is not typically u
9、sed now for healthreasons.The precision of this test method when using toluenehas been found to be the same as when using benzene.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A test portion of the sample is mixed with heptane andthe mixture heated under reflux,and the precipitatedasphaltenes,waxy substances,and inor
10、ganic material arecollected on a filter paper.The waxy substances are removedby washing with hot heptane in an extractor.4.2 After removal of the waxy substances,the asphaltenesare separated from the inorganic material by dissolution in hottoluene,the extraction solvent is evaporated,and the as-phal
11、tenes weighed.5.Significance and Use5.1 Asphaltenes are the organic molecules of highest mo-lecular mass and carbon-hydrogen ratio normally occurring incrude petroleum and petroleum products containing residual1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liq
12、uid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.Current edition approved April 15,2012.Published May 2012.Originallyapproved in 2000.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D656000(2005).DOI:10.1520/D6560-12.2This standar
13、d is based on material published in the IP Standard methods forAnalysis and Testing of Petroleum and Related Products and British Standard 2000Parts,copyright Energy Institute,61 New Cavendish Street,London,W1M 8AR.Adapted with permission of Energy Institute.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the
14、ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from Energy Institute,61 New Cavendish St.,London,WIM 8AR,UK.*A Summary of Changes section appea
15、rs at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 material.They may give problems during storage and handlingif the suspension of asphaltene molecules is disturbed throughexcess stress or incompatibility.They a
16、re also the last mol-ecules in a product to combust completely,and thus may beone indicator of black smoke propensity.Their compositionnormally includes a disproportionately high quantity of thesulfur,nitrogen,and metals present in the crude petroleum orpetroleum product.6.Apparatus6.1 GeneralGround-glass joints from different sourcesmay have one of two diameter to length ratios.For thepurposes of this test method,either is suitable,and for someapplications,the diameter itself can be one of two.
