1、Designation:E268609(Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Method forVolatile Organic Compound(VOC)Solvents Absorbed/Adsorbed By Simulated Soil Impacted by PesticideEmulsifiable Concentrate(EC)Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2686;the number immediately following the designat
2、ion indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method simulates the applicatio
3、n of an emul-sion of a pesticide emulsifiable concentrate(EC)to soil withhigh organic matter(corn cob granules)and to soil with highinorganic matter(clay granules)and determines the amount ofsolvent retained by the granules,and withheld from theatmosphere,before and after exposure to 40C in a vented
4、oven.The granules simulate two extremes of soil composition,and the 40C exposure simulates high temperature weathering.Solvent loss from organic substrates other than corn cob mayalso be determined by repeating the 40C exposure tests withthe chosen substrate replacing corn cob.The results with cornc
5、ob,however,are a reference that must be reported with thealternate substrate results.The difference in solvent content ofthe granules before and after weathering is an indication of theemission of the solvent from soil impacted by emulsions orsolutions during pesticide applications using common prac
6、ticessuch as spraying and drip irrigating.Analysis of the granulesfor solvent content is by high pressure liquid chromatography(HPLC),gas chromatography(GC),or other methods testedand proven to be accurate and reproducible.NOTE1Since it evaluates soil surface sorption,this test method willunderestim
7、ate soil sorption from pesticide applications made below thesoil surface.Sub-soil surface treatments may include,but are not limitedto,mechanical soil injection and soil incorporation applications.In thesecases,the increased depth of the sub-soil treatments reduce the soil surfaceexposure and facili
8、tate increased levels of soil sorption.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user
9、 of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 Other Standards:240CFR51.100(s)ProtectionofEnvironmentRequirements for Preparation,Adoption,and Submittal ofImplentation PlansDefi
10、nitions3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 absorb,va process in which one material(theabsorbent)takes in,and retains,through its pores and inter-stices the molecules of another material(the absorbate).3.1.2 adsorb,va process in which one material(theadsorbent)attracts to,and retains on,its surface th
11、e moleculesof another material(the adsorbate).3.1.3 emulsifiable concentrate,na single-phase liquid sys-tem having the property of forming an emulsion when mixedwith water.3.1.4 emulsifying agent,na surfactant that promotes thesuspension of one liquid in another.3.1.5 gas or liquid chromatography,na
12、 process in whicha chemical mixture carried by a mobile liquid or gas isseparated into components as a result of different affinities ofthe components for the liquid or gas and the adsorbing mediumthrough which they pass.3.1.6 inorganic matter,nsubstances of mineral origin thatare not characterized
13、by primarily carbon-based structures.3.1.7 organic matter,nin soil,organic matter consists ofplant and animal material that is in the process of decompos-ing.3.1.8 tropospheric ozone,nan air pollutant formed by thesunlight catalyzed reaction between hydrocarbons and nitrogen1This test method is unde
14、r the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E35 onPesticides,Antimicrobials,and Alternative Control Agents and is the directresponsibility of Subcommittee E35.22 on Pesticide Formulations and DeliverySystems.Current edition approved Oct.1,2015.Published November 2015.Originallyapproved in 2009.Last previou
15、s edition approved in 2009 as E268609.DOI:10.1520/E2686-09R15.2Available from U.S.Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N.Capitol St.,NW,Mail Stop:SDE,Washington,DC 20401,http:/www.access.gpo.gov.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA
16、 19428-2959.United States1 oxides present in the troposphere,the layer of the atmosphereclosest to the earths surface.3.1.9 volatile organic compound(VOC),n any compoundof carbon,excluding carbon monoxide,carbon dioxide,car-bonic acid,metallic carbides or carbonates,and ammoniumcarbonate,which participates in atmospheric photochemicalreactions;excluded is a list of organic compounds which havebeen determined to have negligible photochemical reactivity(40 CFR 51.100(s).3.1.10 volatilize,vto pass
