1、Designation:D781812(Reapproved 2021)Standard Test Method forEnumeration of Proteolytic Bacteria in Fresh(Uncured)Hides and Skins1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7818;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revisio
2、n,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the enumeration of bacteria thatcan hydrolyze protein/collagen in fresh(uncured)hides
3、 andskins.This test method is applicable to uncured hides andskins.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is t
4、heresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standar
5、d-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D6715 Practice for Sampling and Preparation of Fresh
6、 orSalt-Preserved(Cured)Hides and Skins for Chemical andPhysical TestsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods3.Summary of Test Method3.1 Samples of uncured hides and skin
7、s are serially dilutedand plated on agar containing casein from skim milk.Theplates are incubated under aerobic conditions at 35 C for 48 h.After incubation,to determine bacteria that can hydrolyzeprotein(proteolytic),the plates are flooded with dilute acid andthe colonies showing a halo are counted
8、.4.Significance and Use4.1 This test method enumerates proteolytic bacteria.Pro-teolytic bacteria have been known to cause damage to hidesand skins.5.Apparatus5.1 Incubator,35 6 1 C.5.2 Colony counter(not mandatory,but highly recom-mended).5.3 Sterile pipets.5.4 Bent glass rods,sterile.5.5 Stomacher
9、,for mixing initial dilution.(If stomacher isunavailable,hand-mix.)5.6 Balance.5.7 Sterile petri dishes.5.8 Autoclave(sterilizer).(Check the effectiveness of ster-ilization weekly.For example,place spore suspensions or stripsof Bacillus stearothermophilus(commercially available)insideglassware for a
10、 full autoclave cycle.Follow manufacturersdirections for sterilization of specific media.)5.9 Stomacher bags,or sterile,sealable quart plastic bag(for example,food storage type,sterile bag).5.10 Cutting tool,sterile(for example,scalpel blade andforcep,as needed for cutting fresh hides and skins).5.1
11、1 Vortex mixer,for mixing dilution tubes(optional).5.12 pH meter.5.13 Waterbath,45 6 1 C.5.14 Autoclave thermometer.6.Reagents and Materials6.1 5%acetic acid.6.2 Butterfields Phosphate Stock Solution:Dissolve 34 gKH2PO4(Potassium Phosphate monobasic)in 500 mL DI1This test method is under the jurisdi
12、ction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leatherand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.02 on Wet Blue.Current edition approved Sept.1,2021.Published October 2021.Originallyapproved in 2012.Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D7818 12(2016).DOI:10.1520/D7818-12R21.2For referenced ASTM stand
13、ards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-29
14、59.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Ba
15、rriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1water.Adjust the pH to 7.2 6 0.1 with 1N 6N NaOH.Bringvolume to 1 L with DI water.Sterilize for 15 min at 121 C.NOTE1Typical autoclave setting is 120 124 C.(See 5.8.)6.3 Butterfields Phosphate Diluent(BPD):Take 1.25 mLofButterfields Phosphate Stock solution(6.2)and bri
16、ng to 1 Lwith DI water.Dispense into 1-L bottles and 9-mL dilutiontubes.Sterilize for 15 min at 121 C.(See Note 1.)6.4 Standard plate count agar containing 100 mL of 10%powdered skim milk solution per litre of agar.6.5 Alcohol(for flame sterilizing),for example,70%Isopropyl alcohol.6.6 Bent glass rod(“hockey-stick”).6.7 Powdered skim milk.6.8 Distilled or deionized water.6.9 Bacillus stearothermophilus spore suspensions or strips(commercially available),or equivalent.6.10 1N 6N NaOH.7.Hazards7.1
