1、Designation:D80412Standard Terminology Relating toPine Chemicals,Including Tall Oil and Related Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D804;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revisi
2、on.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 Although the pine chemical industry has been a con-tinuing producer of chemical products for many centuries,thenature of the industry,
3、its products,and its terminology havechanged.In particular,the original practice of recovering pinechemical through the processing of the exudate from pine treeshas been supplemented by their extraction by solvent productsof the wood pulping industry.For many years the industry wasknown as the Naval
4、 Stores industry but that term has graduallybeen replaced by the more descriptive and meaningful term,Pine Chemicals Industry.Thus,this terminology contains someold terms now mostly of historic value,together with the termsof the modern pine chemical industry.22.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standard
5、s:3D6090 Test Method for Softening Point Resins(Mettler Cupand Ball Method)E28 Test Methods for Softening Point of Resins Derivedfrom Naval Stores by Ring-and-Ball Apparatus3.Terminologyabietic acid,commercial grade,na product consistingchiefly of rosin acids in substantially pure form,separatedeith
6、er from rosin or tall oil commercially for specificpurposes and in which abietic acid and its isomers are theprincipal components.colophony,na term denoting medium and high grades ofrosin.crude stripper oil,na by-product of the manufacture ofcitrus juice,composed largely of d-limonene and containing
7、up to 1.5%of aldehydes.(See also d-limonene.)dipentene,nchemically defined as the optically inactiveform of the monocyclic terpene hydrocarbon limonene.DISCUSSIONCommercial dipentenes contain substantial portions ofother monocyclic and bicyclic,as well as some oxygenated,terpeneshaving closely relat
8、ed boiling ranges.They are generally obtained byfractional distillation from crude oils recovered in the several commer-cial methods of utilizing pine wood,also by isomerization during thechemical processing of terpenes.There is no legal requirement underthe Naval Stores Act that the source,origin,o
9、r kind of dipentene beshown in the commercial designation.Consequently,coined tradenames are sometimes used in selling this product.The four kinds ofcommercial dipentene are:chemically processed dipentene,nrecovered as a productor a by-product in connection with the chemical treatment andconversion
10、of other terpenes.destructively distilled dipentene,nfrom the lighter portionsof the oil recovered during the destructive distillation of pinewood.steam-distilled dipentene,nfractionated from the crudeoleoresinous extract during the processing of related steam-distilled wood naval stores.sulfate dip
11、entene,nfrom the crude condensate of thevapors generated in the digestion of wood in the sulfate paperpulp process.ester gum,na resin made from rosin and a polyhydricalcohol,generally glycerol or pentaerythritol.gloss oil,na solution of limed rosin or limed rosin acids in avolatile solvent,used chie
12、fly in surface coatings.d-limonene,na purified optically active terpene hydrocarbonrecovered from by-products of the citrus industry.DISCUSSIONIt is used as a chemical intermediate and as a monomerin terpene resins.metallic resinates,nrosin in which part or all of the rosinacids have been chemically
13、 reacted with those metals thatgive soaps or salts which are water insoluble.DISCUSSIONLimed rosin,zinc-treated rosin,and the resinates oflead,cobalt,copper,and manganese,are of the greatest industrialimportance.modified rosin,nrosin that has been treated with heat orcatalysts,or both with or withou
14、t added chemical substances,so as to cause substantial change in the structure of the rosin1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings,Materials,and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.34 on Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbo
15、n Resins.Current edition approved June 1,2012.Published July 2012.Originally approvedin 1944.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D804 07.DOI:10.1520/D0804-12.2Zinkel,D.F.,and Russell,J.,eds.,Naval Stores:Production,Chemistry andUtilization,Pulp Chemicals Association,NY,1989.3For referenced AST
16、M standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 acids,as isomerization,hydrogenation,dehydrogenation,orpolymerization,usually without substantial effect on thecarboxyl group.DISCUSSIONThe following are types of modified ros
