1、Designation:D89314Standard Test Method forInsolubles in Used Lubricating Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D893;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses
2、indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of pentaneand toluene insolubles
3、in used lubricating oils.1.2 Procedure A covers the determination of insolubleswithout the use of coagulant in the pentane.It provides anindication of the materials that can readily be separated fromthe oil-solvent mixtures by centrifuging.1.3 Procedure B covers the determination of insolubles inoil
4、s containing detergents and employs a coagulant for both thepentane and toluene insolubles.In addition to the materialsseparated by using Procedure A,this coagulation procedureseparates some finely divided materials that may be suspendedin the oil.NOTE1Results obtained by Procedures A and B should n
5、ot becompared since they usually give different values.The same procedureshould be employed when comparing values obtained periodically on anoil in use or when comparing results determined by two or morelaboratories.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of me
6、asurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limi
7、tations prior to use.For specificwarning statements,see Section 7 and 9.1.1.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products3.Te
8、rminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 coagulate,vto cause to become viscous or thickenedinto a coherent mass.3.1.2 coagulated pentane insolubles,nin used oilanalysis,separated matter that results when a coagulant isadded to a solution of used oil in pentane.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe addition of a coagulant wil
9、l aid inseparating finely divided materials that may have been held insuspension because of the dispersant characteristics of the oil.3.1.3 coagulated toluene insolubles,nin used oil analysis,coagulated and separated matter not soluble in pentane ortoluene.3.1.4 pentane insolubles,nin used oil analy
10、sis,separatedmatter resulting when a used oil is mixed with pentane.3.1.4.1 DiscussionIn this test method,the separation iseffected by centrifugation.3.1.5 toluene insolubles,nin used oil analysis,the portionof pentane insolubles not soluble in toluene.3.1.6 used oil,nany oil that has been in a piec
11、e ofequipment(for example,an engine,gearbox,transformer,orturbine),whether operated or not.3.1.6.1 DiscussionIn this test method,the oil can be anyoil that has been used for lubrication.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 insoluble resins,nin used oil analysis,separatedmatter so
12、luble in toluene but not pentane.3.2.1.1 DiscussionInsoluble resins can be calculated foreither Procedure A or B by subtracting the toluene insolublesfrom the pentane insolubles.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Procedure AA representative sample of used lubricat-ing oil is mixed with pentane and centrifu
13、ged.The oil solutionis decanted and the precipitate washed twice with pentane,dried,and weighed to give the pentane insolubles.For tolueneinsolubles,a separate sample of the oil is mixed with pentaneand then centrifuged.The precipitate is washed twice with1This test method is under the jurisdiction
14、of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.06 on Analysis of Lubricants.Current edition approved May 1,2014.Published May 2014.Originallyapproved in 1967.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D893 12.DOI:10.1520/D089
15、3-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this stan
16、dardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 pentane,once with toluene-alcohol solution,and once withtoluene.The insoluble material is then dried and weighed togive the insolubles.4.2 Procedure BA representative sample of used lubricat-ing oil is mixed with pentane-coagulant solution and centri-fuged.The precipitate is washed twice with pentane,dried,andweighed to give coagulated pentane insolubles.For coagulatedtoluene insolub
