1、Designation:D623398(Reapproved 2009)Standard Guide forData Assessment for Environmental Waste ManagementActivities1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6233;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of
2、last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers a practical strategy for examining anenvironmental project data collection effort and the resultingdata t
3、o determine if they will support the intended use.Itcovers the review of project activities to determine confor-mance with the project plan and impact on data usability.Thisguide also leads the user through a logical sequence todetermine which statistical protocols should be applied to thedata.1.1.1
4、 This guide does not establish criteria for the accep-tance or use of data but instructs the assessor/user to use thecriteria established by the project team during the planning(data quality objective process),and optimization and imple-mentation(sampling and analysis plan)process.1.2 The values sta
5、ted in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and he
6、alth practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste SamplingD5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field EquipmentUsed at Waste SitesD5283 Practice for Generation of Environmental Da
7、ta Re-lated to Waste Management Activities:Quality Assuranceand Quality Control Planning and ImplementationD5792 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-lated to Waste Management Activities:Development ofData Quality Objectives3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
8、3.1.1 bias,na systematic error that is consistently nega-tive or consistently positive.3.1.2 characteristic,na property of items in a sample orpopulation which can be measured,counted,or otherwiseobserved.3.1.3 composite sample,na physical combination of twoor more samples.3.1.4 confidence limit,nan
9、 upper and/or lower limit(s)within which the true value is likely to be contained with astated probability or confidence.3.1.5 continuous data,ndata where the values of theindividual samples may vary from minus infinity to plusinfinity.3.1.6 data quality objectives(DQOs),nDQOs are quali-tative and q
10、uantitative statements derived from the DQOprocess describing the decision rules and the uncertainties ofthe decision(s)within the context of the problem(s).3.1.7 data quality objective process,na quality manage-ment tool based on the scientific method and developed tofacilitate the planning of envi
11、ronmental data collection activi-ties.3.1.8 discrete data,ndata made up of sample results thatare expressed as a simple pass/fail,yes/no,or positive/negative.3.1.9 heterogeneity,nthe condition of the population un-der which all items of the population are not identical withrespect to the parameter o
12、f interest.3.1.10 homogeneity,nthe condition of the populationunder which all items of the population are identical withrespect to the parameter of interest.3.1.11 population,nthe totality of items or units underconsideration.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManage
13、ment and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD34.01.01 on Plan-ning for Sampling.Current edition approvedFeb.1,2009.Published March 2009.Originallyapproved in 1998.Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D6233-98(2003).DOI:10.1520/D6233-98R09.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM w
14、ebsite,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1
15、.12 representative sample,na sample collected in sucha manner that it reflects one or more characteristics of interest(as defined by the project objectives)of a population fromwhich it is collected.3.1.13 sample,na portion of material which is taken froma larger quantity for the purpose of estimatin
16、g properties orcomposition of the larger quantity.3.1.14 sampling design error,nerror which results fromthe unavoidable limitations faced when media with inherentlyvariable qualities are measured and incorrect judgement on thepart of the project team.3.1.15 subsample,na portion of a sample that is taken fortesting or for record purposes.4.Significance and Use4.1 This guide presents a logical process for determining theusability of environmental data for decision making activities.The process des
