1、Designation:D608597(Reapproved 2016)Standard Practice forSampling in Rubber TestingTerminology and BasicConcepts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6085;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of la
2、st revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers a standardized terminology andsome basic concepts for testing and sampling across the broadrange of chem
3、ical and physical testing operations characteristicof the rubber and carbon black manufacturing industries.1.2 In addition to the basic concepts and terminology,amodel for the test measurement process is given in Annex A1.This serves as a mathematical foundation for the terms andother testing concep
4、ts.It may also find use for further devel-opment of this practice to address more complex samplingoperations.1.3 This general topic requires a comprehensive treatmentwith a sequential or hierarchical development of terms withsubstantial background discussion.Anumber of ancillary termsare also given
5、that make for a more self-contained document.This cannot be accommodated in Terminology D1566.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practi
6、ces and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1566 Terminology Relating to RubberD4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test MethodStandards in the Rubber and Carbon Black ManufacturingIndustriesD5406 Practice for RubberCa
7、lculation of Producers Pro-cess Performance Indexes3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.2 Despite the adoption of standard test methods,test resultvariation influences the data generated in all testing programs.As outlined in Annex A1,there are two main categories:(1)variation inherent in the production p
8、rocess for a material orclass of objects,and(2)variation due to the measurementoperation itself.Each of these two sources may be furtherdivided into two types of variation:(1)systematic or biasvariation,and(2)random error variation.Both types can existsimultaneously for either of the main categories
9、.3.3 Random variation can be reduced to a low level byappropriate replication and sampling procedures,but biasvariation cannot be so reduced.However,bias variation can bereduced or eliminated by comprehensive programs to sort outthe causes of such perturbations and eliminate these causes.3.4 Element
10、ary Testing Terms:3.4.1 lot,na specified mass of material or number ofobjects,generated by an identifiable process,with a recognizedcomposition or property range.3.4.1.1 DiscussionA lot is frequently generated by acommon production process in a restricted time period andusually consists of a finite
11、size or number.A lot may be afractional part of a population(Interpretation 2 of population).3.4.2 material,na specific entity that exists in bulk form(solid,powder,liquid).3.4.2.1 DiscussionA material may or may not be homo-geneous.Typical materials are individual rubbers,compounds,accelerators,car
12、bon blacks,etc.3.4.3 object,na discrete item or piece with a specifiedshape and size.3.4.3.1 DiscussionUsually an object is an entity that isready for testing.Atypical object is an o-ring,dumbbell,pellet,or hose assembly.3.4.4 object class(or class of objects),na number ofobjects,with a recognized p
13、roperty range,generated by acommon process,the objects are usually characterized by thevalue(s)of a unique property.3.4.4.1 DiscussionIn any testing program the phrase“arecognized property range”implies that the tester is aware ofthe approximate value of this range.At one extreme,thisrecognized rang
14、e may denote“essentially identical propertyvalues;”at the opposite extreme this recognized range may1This practice is under the jurisdiction of Committee D11 on Rubber and is thedirect responsibility of Subcommittee D11.16 on Application of Statistical Methods.Current edition approved June 1,2016.Pu
15、blished July 2016.Originally approvedin 1997.Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D6085 97(2011).DOI:10.1520/D6085-97R16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refe
16、r to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 denote“widely varying property values.”The range applies toboth materials and object classes,and testing programs willdiffer in regard to the extent of variation under consideration.3.4.5 population,na generic term used in testing opera-tions that may refer to any one of the following:(1)a singleobject or a very limited mass of
