1、Designation:D 5951 96(Reapproved 2002)Standard Practice forPreparing Residual Solids Obtained After BiodegradabilityStandard Methods for Plastics in Solid Waste for Toxicityand Compost Quality Testing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5951;the number immediately following the des
2、ignation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers a standard pro
3、cedure for preparingthe residual solids obtained at the end of standard methods forbiodegradability testing of plastics in solid waste,for subse-quent toxicity and compost quality testing.The practice yieldsmixtures that can be used as such for terrestrial toxicity testingor that can be submitted to
4、 water extraction for further aquatictoxicity tests,in accordance with Practice D 5152,and inconjunction with Method D 4229,Guides E 729,E 1192,E 1295,and E 1440,or other currently accepted toxicity testmethods(see OECD Guidelines 201,202,203,207,and 208 orU.S.EPA 40FR797A,as well as other documents
5、 such as ANew Manual for Conducting Microtox Test with the Model 500Analyzer2the work on cyst-based toxicity tests by Centeno,etal3).The mixtures can also be used for further soil contactbiodegradation testing.1.2 This practice provides for storage and drying of themixtures obtained at the end of th
6、e test methods for determi-nation of the biodegradability of plastics under controlledcomposting conditions(Test Method D 5338),and under high-solids anaerobic digestion(Test Method D 5511).The mixturescontain the biologically decomposed residuals from solid wasteand from the plastic materials.For t
7、he blanks,the residuals willbe derived only from the biologically decomposed solid waste.In the event that a particular sample does not pass the toxicitytest,chemical characterization of the degradation products canbe performed on the sample to determine the source of thetoxicity.Description of the
8、performance of these analyses isbeyond the scope of this practice.1.3 There is no ISO standard that is equivalent to thispractice.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address
9、all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 883 Terminology Relat
10、ing to Plastics4D 3987 Test Method for Shake Extraction of Solid Wastewith Water5D 4229 Method for Conducting Static Acute Toxicity Testson Waste-Waters with Daphnia6D 5152 Practice for Water Extraction of Residual Solidsfrom Degraded Plastics for Toxicity Testing7D 5338 Test Method for Determining
11、Aerobic Biodegrada-tion of Plastic Materials Under Controlled CompostingConditions8D 5511 Test Method for Determining Anaerobic Biodegra-dation of Plastic Materials Under High-Solids Anaerobic-Digestion Conditions8E 729 Guide for Conducting Acute Tests on Test Materialswith Fishes,Macroinvertebrates
12、,and Amphibians9E 1192 Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Test on Aque-ous Ambient Samples and Effluents with Fishes,Macroin-vertebrates,and Amphibians9E 1295 Guide for Conducting Three Brood,Renewal Tox-icity Tests with Ceriodaphnia Dubia9E 1440 Guide for an Acute Toxicity Test with the RotiferBra
13、chionus92.2OECD Guidelines:10OECD Guideline 201 Alga,Growth Inhibition Test1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.96 on Environmentally DegradablePlastics.Current edition approved May 10,1996.Published July 1996.2
14、Microbics Corporation,Carlsbad,CA.3Centeno,M.D.,Brendonck,L.,and Persoone,G.,“Cyst-Based Toxicity TestsIII:Development and Standardization of anAcute Toxicity Test with the FreshwaterAnostraean Crustacean Streptocephalus probosciceus,”Progress in Standardizationof Aquatic Toxicity Tests,A.M.V.M.Soar
15、es and P.Calow,eds.,Lewis Publishers,London,United Kingdom,pp.3756.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 08.01.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 11.04.6Discontinued;see 1987 Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 11.04.7Discontinued;see 1998 Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 08.03.8Annual Book of ASTM Stan
16、dards,Vol 08.03.9Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 11.05.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.OECD Guideline 202 Daphnia sp.,14-day ReproductionTestOECD Guideline 203 Fish,Acute Toxicity TestOECD Guideline 207 Earthworm,Acute Toxicity TestsOECD Guideline 208 Terrestrial Plants,Growth Test2.3Other Standards:U.S.EPA 40FR797A A Variety of Toxicity Testing Proce-dures11APHA 2540E Fixed and Volatile Solids Ignited at 550C123.Ter
