1、Designation:D597996(Reapproved 2019)1Standard Guide forConceptualization and Characterization of GroundwaterSystems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5979;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of
2、 last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEReapproved with editorial changes in May 2019.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers an integrated,stepwise method for thequalitative conc
3、eptualization and quantitative characterizationof groundwater flow systems,including the unsaturated zone,for natural or human-induced behavior or changes.1.2 This guide may be used at any scale of investigation,including site-specific,subregional,and regional applications.1.3 This guide describes a
4、n iterative process for developingmultiple working hypotheses for characterizing groundwaterflow systems.This process aims at reducing uncertainty withrespect to conceptual models,observation,interpretation,andanalysis in terms of hypothesis and refinement of the mostlikely conceptual model of the g
5、roundwater flow system.Theprocess is also aimed at reducing the range of realistic valuesfor parameters identified during the characterization process.This guide does not address the quantitative uncertaintyassociated with specific methods of hydrogeologic and ground-water system characterization an
6、d quantification,for example,the effects of well construction on water-level measurement.1.4 This guide addresses the general procedure,types ofdata needed,and references that enable the investigator tocomplete the process of analysis and interpretation of each datatype with respect to geohydrologic
7、 processes and hydrogeo-logic framework.This guide recommends the groups of dataand analysis to be used during each step of the conceptualiza-tion process.1.5 This guide does not address the specific methods forcharacterizing hydrogeologic and groundwater system proper-ties.1.6 This guide does not a
8、ddress model selection,design,orattribution for use in the process of groundwater flow systemcharacterization and quantification.This guide does not ad-dress the process of model schematization,including thesimplification of hydrologic systems and the representation ofhydrogeologic parameters in mod
9、els.1.7 This guide does not address special considerationsrequired for characterization of karst and fractured rock terrain.In such hydrogeologic settings,refer to Quinlan(1)2and GuideD5717 for additional guidance.1.8 This guide does not address special considerationsregarding the source,fate,and mo
10、vement of chemicals in thesubsurface.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of reg
11、ulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This guide offers an organized collection of informa-tion or a series of options and does not recommend a specificcourse of action.This document cannot replace education orexperience and should be used in conjunction with professionaljudgment.Not all aspects of
12、this guide may be applicable in allcircumstances.This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy ofa given professional service must be judged,nor should thisdocument be applied without consideration of a projects manyunique aspects.The word“Sta
13、ndard”in the title of thisdocument means only that the document has been approvedthrough the ASTM consensus process.1.11 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for the1This guid
14、e is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rockand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater andVadose Zone Investigations.Current edition approved Aug.1,2019.Published August 2019.Originallyapproved in 1996.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D597996
15、(2014).DOI:10.1520/D5979-96R19E01.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end ofthis standard.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with int
16、ernationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 Development of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD
