1、Designation:D589102(Reapproved 2009)Standard Test Method forFluid Loss of Clay Component of Geosynthetic Clay Liners1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5891;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year o
2、f last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers an index method that enablesthe evaluation of fluid loss properties of a clay mineral filmdeposit
3、ed on a filter paper from a 6%solids slurry of claymineral at 100-psi(-kPa)pressure as a measure of its useful-ness for permeability or hydraulic conductivity reduction ingeosynthetic clay liners(GCL).1.2 This test method is adapted from American PetroleumInstitute drilling fluid specifications for
4、bentonite.1.3Powdered clay mineral is tested as produced;granularclay mineral should be ground to 100%passing a 100 meshU.S.Standard Sieve with a minimum of 65%passing a 200mesh U.S.Standard Sieve with the whole ground product usedfor testing.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as t
5、hestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the appli
6、ca-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.22.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE725 Test Method for
7、Sampling Granular Carriers andGranular Pesticides2.2 API Standards:API RP 131,Recommended Practice for Laboratory Testingof Drilling Fluids43.Terminology3.1 Definitions For definitions of terms used in this testmethod,refer toAPI Standards andASTM definitions for GCLproducts.4.Significance and Use4.
8、1 Clay mineral is the functional component of GCL thatreduces the hydraulic conductivity of industrial waste orground water through the liner.4.2 Clay mineral quality can vary significantly and effect thehydraulic conductivity of the GCL composite.This test methodevaluates a significant property of
9、clay mineral that relates toperformance.5.Apparatus5.1 Laboratory Balance,100 g capacity,60.01-g accuracyand precision.5.2 Weighing Paper,or small weighing dish.5.3 Graduated Cylinder,500 6 5-mL graduated TD(todeliver)with 10-mL subdivisions,Class A volumetricallycalibrated;10 6 0.1-mL graduated cyl
10、inder,graduated TC(tocontain)with 0.1-mL subdivisions.5.4 U.S.Standard Sieve,100 mesh,200 mesh,and auto-mated sieve shaker.5.5 Mortar and Pestle or Laboratory Hammer Mill,forgrinding clay mineral to required particle sizing.5.6 ASTM Calibration Immersion Thermometer,0 to 105 60.5C(see Specification
11、E1).5.7 Mixer11 000 6 300 rpm under load with singlesine-wave impeller approximately 25 mm(1.0 in.)in diameter(mounted flash side up).5The impeller shall be replaced whenit weighs a minimum of 5.1 g,from an original weight of about1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onG
12、eosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosyn-thetic Clay Liners.Current edition approved June 15,2009.Published January 2010.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D5891 02.DOI:10.1520/D5891-02R09.2When bentonite is removed from a GCL p
13、roduct for testing,it may includeadhesives that can influence test results.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM
14、 website.4Available from American Petroleum Institute(API),1220 L.St.,NW,Washington,DC 20005-4070,http:/www.api.org.5For example,Sterling Multimixer Model 9B with 9B29X impeller bladesavailable from Fann Instrument Co.,P.O.Box 4350,Houston,TX 77210,has beenfound suitable for this purpose.Copyright A
15、STM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.5 g.New blades will be weighed prior to installation in orderto ensure conformance to manufacturing criteria.Mixer speedunder sample loading shall be determined and documentedonce every 90 days unles
16、s the manufacturer has documentedobjective evidence to extend calibration time.NOTE1Sterling Multimixer Model 9B with 9B29X impeller blades orequivalent may be obtained from the suppliers given in Footnote 9.5.8 Mixing ContainerApproximate dimensions are 180mm(7 in.)deep,97-mm(31316-in.)inner diameter at top,and70-mm(234-in.)inner diameter at bottom.6NOTE2Mixing containers or equivalent may be obtained from thesuppliers given in Footnote 8.5.9 Timers,30 min,two interval,mechanical or electrical,
