1、Designation:D658603(Reapproved 2014)Standard Practice forthe Prediction of Contaminant Adsorption On GAC InAqueous Systems Using Rapid Small-Scale Column Tests1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6586;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal ado
2、ption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers a test method for the evaluation ofgranular activated car
3、bon(GAC)for the adsorption of solublepollutants from water.This practice can be used to estimate theoperating capacities of virgin and reactivated granular acti-vated carbons.The results obtained from the small-scalecolumn testing can be used to predict the adsorption of targetcompounds on GAC in a
4、large column or full scale adsorberapplication.1.2 This practice can be applied to all types of waterincluding synthetically contaminated water(prepared by spik-ing high purity water with selected contaminants),potablewaters,industrial waste waters,sanitary wastes and effluentwaters.1.3 This practic
5、e is useful for the determination of break-through curves for specific contaminants in water,the deter-mination of the lengths of the adsorbates mass transfer zones(MTZ)and the prediction of GAC usage rates for larger scaleadsorbers.1.4 The following safety caveat applies to the proceduresection,Sec
6、tion 10,of this practice:This standard does notpurport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associatedwith its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this standardto establish appropriate safety and health practices anddetermine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior touse.2.
7、Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD2652 Terminology Relating to Activated CarbonD2854 Test Method for Apparent Density of ActivatedCarbonD2867 Test Methods for Moisture in Activated CarbonD2862 Test Method for Particle Siz
8、e Distribution of Granu-lar Activated Carbon3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms in this practice relating toactivated carbon,refer to Terminology D2652.3.1.2 For definitions of terms in this practice relating towater,refer to Terminology D1129.4.Summary of Practice4.1 This pr
9、actice consists of a method for the rapid deter-mination of breakthrough curves and the prediction of GACusage rates for the removal of soluble contaminants fromwater.This is accomplished by passing the contaminated waterat a constant controlled rate down flow through a bed of aspecially sized granu
10、lar activated carbon until predeterminedlevels of breakthrough have occurred.4.2 When the assumption is made that conditions of con-stant diffusivity exist within the GAC column,the break-through data obtained from the column test can be used toestimate the size and operational conditions for a full
11、-scalecarbon adsorber.5.Significance and Use5.1 Granular activated carbon(GAC)is commonly used toremove contaminants from water.However if not usedproperly,GAC can not only be expensive but can at times beineffective.The development of engineering data for the designof full-scale adsorbers often req
12、uires time-consuming andexpensive pilot plant studies.This rapid standard practice hasbeen developed to predict adsorption in large-scale adsorbersbased upon results from small column testing.In contrast topilot plant studies,the small-scale column test presented in thispractice does not allow for a
13、 running evaluation of factors thatmay affect GAC performance over time.Such factors may1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D28 on ActivatedCarbon and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D28.02 on Liquid PhaseEvaluation.Current edition approved July 1,2014.Published S
14、eptember 2014.Originallyapproved in 2000.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D658603(2008).DOI:10.1520/D6586-03R14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to
15、the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 include,for example,an increased removal of target com-pounds by bacterial colonizing GAC3or long term fouling ofGAC caused by inorgani
16、c compounds or background organicmatter4.Nevertheless,this practice offers more relevant opera-tional data than isotherm testing without the principal draw-backs of pilot plant studies,namely time and expense;andunlike pilot plant studies,small scale studies can be performedin a laboratory using water sampled from a remote location.5.2 This practice known as the rapid small-scale column test(RSSCT)uses empty bed contact time(EBCT)and hydraulicloading to describe the adsorption process.Mean carbo
