1、Designation:D553617Standard Practice forSampling Forest Trees for Determination of Clear WoodProperties1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5536;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revisi
2、on.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe everyday use of wood for many different purposes creates a continual need for data on itsmechanical properties.Small clear specim
3、en testing to characterize a species has historically beenemployed for such property determination,and related methods of test are outlined in Test MethodsD143.Because wood is a biological material,its mechanical properties are subject to considerable naturalvariation.Thus,the results of tests to ev
4、aluate the mechanical properties of a species depend to a greatextent upon how the forest trees are sampled for test material.Ideally,if the results of mechanicalproperty evaluations are to be representative of the forest sampled,probability sampling of materialssuch as outlined in Practice E105 mus
5、t be used.However,true probability sampling of the forest treesfor determination of mechanical properties can be extremely complex and expensive because of thebroad geographic range and topographic conditions under which a tree species grows.In someinstances,direct probability sampling may be imprac
6、tical,necessitating the need for alternativesampling procedures.2,31.Scope1.1 This practice offers two alternative physical samplingprocedures:cruciform sampling and random sampling.Thechoice of procedure will depend upon the intended use for thetest results,the resources available for sampling and
7、testing,and the availability of existing data on the mechanical proper-ties and specific gravity of the species of interest.1.2 A third procedure,double sampling,is included primar-ily by reference.This procedure applies the results of cruciformor random samples through correlation to improve or upd
8、ateproperty values.1.3 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as standard.The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety
9、 concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with
10、internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D9 T
11、erminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-uctsD143 Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of TimberD1038 Terminology Relating to Veneer and PlywoodD2555 Practice for Establishing Clear Wood Strength ValuesE105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:1This pra
12、ctice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.08 on Forests.Current edition approved Aug.1,2017.Published September 2017.Originallyapproved in 1994.Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D5536 15.DOI:10.1520/D5536-17.2Bendtsen,B.
13、A.,Freese,F.,and Ethington,R.L.,“A Forest Sampling Methodfor Wood Strength,”Forest Products Journal,Vol 20,No.11,1970,pp.3847.3Pearson,R.G.,and Williams,E.J.,“A Review of Methods for Sampling ofTimber,”Forest Products Journal,Vol 8,No.9,1958,pp.263268.4For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM we
14、bsite,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis i
15、nternational standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Co
16、mmittee.1 3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard,refer toTerminologies D9 and D1038.4.Significance and Use4.1 This practice covers procedures of sampling for obtain-ing small,clear wood specimens which,when tested inaccordance with Test Methods D143 and,in conjunction withfull-size product tests,will provide mechanical properties foruse in deriving design properties for lumber,panels,poles,house logs,and other products.4.2 Data obtained by testing specimens sampled in accor-dance w
