1、Designation:D5514/D5514M14Standard Test Method forLarge Scale Hydrostatic Puncture Testing of Geosynthetics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5514/D5514M;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of
2、last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method evaluates the stress/time properties ofgeosynthetics by using hydrostatic pressure to compress thegeosynth
3、etic over synthetic or natural test bases consisting ofmanufactured test pyramids/cones,rocks,soil or voids.1.2 This test method allows the user to determine therelative failure mode,points of failure for geosynthetics,orboth.1.3 This test method offers two distinct procedures.1.3.1 Procedure A inco
4、rporates manufactured test pyramidsor cones as the base of the testing apparatus.Procedure A isintended to create comparable data between laboratories,andcan be used as a guide for routine acceptance test for variousmaterials.1.3.2 Procedures B and C incorporate site specific soil orother material s
5、elected by the user as the test base of the testingapparatus.Procedures B and C are methods for geosyntheticdesign for a specific site.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents;th
6、erefore,eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard
7、to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For a specificwarning statement,see Section 6.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity(Rela-tive Density)of Plastics by Di
8、splacementD1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils(Visual-Manual Procedure)D4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD5199 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thicknessof GeosyntheticsD5261 Test Method for Measur
9、ing Mass per Unit Area ofGeotextilesD5994 Test Method for Measuring Core Thickness of Tex-tured GeomembranesE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geomembranes,nair main-tained at a relative humidity of 50 to 70%and a
10、 temperatureof 21 6 2C 70 6 4F.3.1.2 critical height(ch),nthe maximum exposed heightof a cone or pyramid that will not cause a puncture failure ofa geosynthetic at a specified hydrostatic pressure for a givenperiod of time.3.1.3 failure,nin testing geosynthetics,water or air pres-sure in the test ve
11、ssel at failure of the geosynthetic.3.1.4 hydrostatic pressure,na state of stress in which allthe principal stresses are equal(and there is no shear stress),asin a liquid at rest;induced artificially by means of a gagedpressure system;the product of the unit weight of the liquidand the difference in
12、 elevation between the given point and thefree water elevation.3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,refer to Terminology D4439.4.Significance and Use4.1 Procedure AThis procedure is an index type testwhich can be used as a guide for acceptance of commercialshipments of geosynt
13、hetics.The standard cone and pyramidtest fixtures can establish critical height(ch)consistency withsimilar material from previous lots or different suppliers,aswell as testing from other laboratories.However,due to the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics
14、and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomem-branes.Current edition approved Jan.1,2014.Published January 2014.Originallyapproved in 1994.Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D5514 06(2011).DOI:10.1520/D5514_D5514M-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,ww
15、w.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 time require
16、d to perform tests,it is generally not recommendedfor routine acceptance testing.4.2 Procedures B and CThese procedures are perfor-mance tests intended as a design aid used to simulate the in-situbehavior of geosynthetics under hydrostatic compression.These test methods may assist a design engineer in comparingthe ability of several candidate geosynthetic materials toconform to a site specific subgrade under specified use andconditions.In procedure B,the pressure is increased until afailure is o
