1、Designation:D572812Standard Practices forSecurement of Cargo in Intermodal and Unimodal SurfaceTransport1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5728;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revis
2、ion.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 These practices are intended to serve as a guide toshippers,carriers,and consignees for load planning,loading,blocking,and bracing of
3、 intermodal and unimodal cargo insurface transport.The practices are referenced to a bibliogra-phy of information concerning the above.Hazardous materials,bulk cargo,non-containerized break bulk in ocean carriage,and transport of cargo by air are not included in these practicesat this time.1.2 These
4、 practices shall apply to cargo in surface transporton flat bed,open top,box car,truck,van,and intermodalcontainers.1.3 The practices are intended to form a framework for thesafe and effective loading and unloading of cargo in intermodaland unimodal surface transport.They are not intended toprovide
5、comprehensive detail relating to specific types ofcargo,but will reference to source materials wherein suchdetail may be found.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appr
6、o-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD4675 Guide for Selection and Use of Flat Strapping Ma-terials2.2 Association of American
7、 Railroads Standards:Pamphlet No.41 Dictionary of Standard Terms3Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices,Sec-tion I3Circular No.43 Rules Governing the Loading,Blocking andBracing of Freight in Closed Trailers and Containers forTOFC/COFC Service3Intermodal Loading Guide for Products in Closed T
8、railersand Containers33.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsGeneral definitions for the packaging anddistributions environments are found in Terminology D996.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 blockingrestraining the movement of lading viasecurement to or at the floor using wood,metal,or
9、 othermaterials.3.2.2 bracingrestraining the movement of lading via thesecurement above the floor using wood,metal,or othermaterials.3.2.3 break bulkboth a verb and a descriptive noun.As averb,means to unload and distribute a portion or all of thecontents of a container or vehicle.As a noun,meaning
10、a loadin a container which is packaged individually and is sometimesnot all of one type.Often used in reference to LCL(less thancontainer load)or LTL(less than truckload).3.2.4 bulk cargofreight not in packages.3.2.5 cargolading;the product or products being movedforward.3.2.6 carrierany common carr
11、ier,contract carrier,privatecarrier,or other transportation company.3.2.7 consigneethe company or person to whom articlesare shipped(also receiver).3.2.8 containersee intermodal container as differing fromshipping container.3.2.9 distribution cyclethe series of transportation andwarehousing events w
12、hich occur during the movement of cargo1These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.25 on Palletizingand Unitizing of Loads.Current edition approved May 15,2012.Published June 2012.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last
13、previous edition approved in 2006 as D5728 00(2006).DOI:10.1520/D5728-12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM w
14、ebsite.3Available from Railinc,7001 Weston Pkwy.,Ste,200,Cary,NC 27513.https:/ ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 from point to point;includes points of shipment,loading,discharge,deconsolidation,storage,delivery,and consignment.3.2.10
15、 dunnagetemporary material used in blocking,flooring or lining,racks,standards,strips,stakes or similarbracing,or supports not constituting a part of the carryingvehicle,used to protect and make freight secure in,or on acarrying vehicle.(See loading in Terminology D996.)3.2.11intermodala derivative
16、of the word“modality,”meaning“type of”;used to describe the movement of aparticular load of cargo via more than one“type of”transport,that is,ocean,rail,and truck(see unimodal).3.2.12 intermodal containera reusable container manu-factured to standard dimensions intended to unitize cargo orfreight for shipping by one or more modes of transportationwithout the need for intermediate handling of the contents.(See container in Terminology D996.)NOTE1Throughout these practices,“container”should be und
