1、Designation:D578295(Reapproved 2012)Standard Guide forUse of Direct Air-Rotary Drilling for GeoenvironmentalExploration and the Installation of Subsurface Water-QualityMonitoring Devices1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5782;the number immediately following the designation indica
2、tes the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers how direct(straight)air-rotary dr
3、ill-ing procedures may be used for geoenvironmental explorationand installation of subsurface water-quality monitoring de-vices.NOTE1The term direct with respect to the air-rotary drilling methodof this guide indicates that compressed air is injected through a drill-rodcolumn to a rotating bit.The a
4、ir cools the bit and transports cuttings to thesurface in the annulus between the drill-rod column and the borehole wall.NOTE2This guide does not include considerations for geotechnicalsite characterizations that are addressed in a separate guide.1.2 Direct air-rotary drilling for geoenvironmental e
5、xplora-tion will often involve safety planning,administration,anddocumentation.This guide does not purport to specificallyaddress exploration and site safety.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does
6、 not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This guide offers an organized colle
7、ction of informationor a series of options and does not recommend a specificcourse of action.This document cannot replace education orexperience and should be used in conjunction with professionaljudgment.Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in allcircumstances.This ASTM standard is not i
8、ntended to repre-sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy ofa given professional service must be judged,nor should thisdocument be applied without consideration of a projects manyunique aspects.The word“Standard”in the title of thisdocument means only that the document has been app
9、rovedthrough the ASTM consensus process.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D420 Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering Designand Construction Purposes(Withdrawn 2011)3D653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD1452 Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling by AugerBor
10、ingsD1586 Test Method for Penetration Test(SPT)and Split-Barrel Sampling of SoilsD1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils forGeotechnical PurposesD2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling ofRock for Site InvestigationD3550 Practice for Thick Wall,Ring-Lined,Split Barrel,Drive S
11、ampling of SoilsD4428/D4428M Test Methods for Crosshole Seismic Test-ingD5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field EquipmentUsed at Waste SitesD5092 Practice for Design and Installation of GroundwaterMonitoring WellsD5099 Test Methods for RubberMeasurement of Process-ing Properties Using Capillary
12、RheometryD5434 Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorationsof Soil and Rock3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology used within this guide is inaccordance with Terminology D653.Definitions of additionalterms may be found in Terminology D653.1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee
13、 D18 on Soil and Rockand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater andVadose Zone Investigations.Current edition approved Sept.15,2012.Published December 2012.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D5782 95(2006).DOI:10.1520/D5782-95R12.2For ref
14、erenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww
15、.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 bentonitethe common name for drilling fluid addi-tives and well-construction products consisting mostly ofnaturally occurri
16、ng montmorillonite.Some bentonite productshave chemical additives which may affect water-quality analy-ses.3.2.2 bentonite granules and chipsirregularly shaped par-ticles of bentonite(free from additives)that have been driedand separated into a specific size range.3.2.3 bentonite pelletsroughly spherical-or disk-shapedunits of compressed bentonite powder(some pellet manufac-turers coat the bentonite with chemicals that may affect thewater-quality analysis).3.2.4 cleanout depththe depth to which
