1、Designation:D579210(Reapproved 2015)Standard Practice forGeneration of Environmental Data Related to WasteManagement Activities:Development of Data QualityObjectives1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5792;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigin
2、al adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers the process of development of dataquality objective
3、s(DQOs)for the acquisition of environmentaldata.Optimization of sampling and analysis design is a part ofthe DQO process.This practice describes the DQO process indetail.The various strategies for design optimization are toonumerous to include in this practice.Many other documentsoutline alternative
4、s for optimizing sampling and analysisdesign.Therefore,only an overview of design optimization isincluded.Some design aspects are included in the practicesexamples for illustration purposes.1.2 DQO development is the first of three parts of datageneration activities.The other two aspects are(1)imple
5、men-tation of the sampling and analysis strategies,see Guide D6311and(2)data quality assessment,see Guide D6233.1.3 This guide should be used in concert with PracticesD5283,D6250,and Guide D6044.Practice D5283 outlines thequality assurance(QA)processes specified during planningand used during implem
6、entation.Guide D6044 outlines aprocess by which a representative sample may be obtainedfrom a population,identifies sources that can affect represen-tativeness and describes the attributes of a representativesample.Practice D6250 describes how a decision point can becalculated.1.4 Environmental data
7、 related to waste management activi-ties include,but are not limited to,the results from thesampling and analyses of air,soil,water,biota,process orgeneral waste samples,or any combinations thereof.1.5 The DQO process is a planning process and should becompleted prior to sampling and analysis activi
8、ties.1.6 This practice presents extensive requirements ofmanagement,designed to ensure high-quality environmentaldata.The words“must”and“shall”(requirements),“should”(recommendation),and“may”(optional),have been selectedcarefully to reflect the importance placed on many of thestatements in this prac
9、tice.The extent to which all require-ments will be met remains a matter of technical judgment.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.7.1 ExceptionThe values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.8 This sta
10、ndard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM
11、 Standards:2C1215 Guide for Preparing and Interpreting Precision andBias Statements in Test Method Standards Used in theNuclear IndustryD5283 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-lated to Waste Management Activities:Quality Assuranceand Quality Control Planning and ImplementationD5681 Te
12、rminology for Waste and Waste ManagementD6044 Guide for Representative Sampling for Managementof Waste and Contaminated MediaD6233 Guide for Data Assessment for Environmental WasteManagement ActivitiesD6250 Practice for Derivation of Decision Point and Confi-dence Limit for Statistical Testing of Me
13、an Concentrationin Waste Management DecisionsD6311 Guide for Generation of Environmental Data Relatedto Waste Management Activities:Selection and Optimiza-tion of Sampling Design1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subc
14、ommittee D34.01.01 onPlanning for Sampling.Current edition approved Sept.1,2015.Published September 2015.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5792 10.DOI:10.1520/D5792-10R15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Se
15、rvice at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in
16、 this standard refer toTerminology D5681.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 bias,nthe difference between the sample value ofthe test results and an accepted reference value.3.2.1.1 DiscussionBias represents a constant error as op-posed to a random error.A method bias can be estimated bythe difference(or relative difference)between a measuredaverage and an accepted standard or reference value.The datafrom which the estimate is obtained should be statisticallyanalyzed to esta
