1、Designation:D 5518 94e1Standard Guide forAcquisition of File Aerial Photography and Imagery forEstablishing Historic Site-Use and Surficial Conditions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5518;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or
2、,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEParagraph 1.6 was added editorially October 1998.1.Scope1.1 This guide is intended to assi
3、st potential users in thesearch for,evaluation of,and acquisition of remotely sensedaerial photography or imagery,or both,to be used for thepurpose of establishing the historic site-use and other interpret-able surface or near-surface conditions regionally,locally,or ata specified project location.1
4、.2 The instructions given in this guide identify sources ofphotography and imagery,and provide information pertainingto the specifications,characteristics,and availability of thesedata.1.3 The major sources considered are restricted to federaland state organizations only.The sources described do not
5、represent all possible sources of interest for environmental andengineering applications.1.4 The values stated in both inch-pound and SI units are tobe regarded separately as the standard.The values given inparentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
6、safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of informationor a series of
7、 options and does not recommend a specificcourse of action.This document cannot replace education orexperience and should be used in conjunction with professionaljudgment.Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in allcircumstances.This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-sent or replace t
8、he standard of care by which the adequacy ofa given professional service must be judged,nor should thisdocument be applied without consideration of a projects manyunique aspects.The word“Standard”in the title of thisdocument means only that the document has been approvedthrough the ASTM consensus pr
9、ocess.2.Terminology2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 black-and-white infrared(IR)filmfilm sensitive toblue-violet through reflective IR light wavelengths(0.4 to 0.9m),but is exposed to only green through reflective IRwavelengths(0.5 to 0.9 m).Absence of exposure to the bluewavelengths allows for haze penetratio
10、n or higher quality datacollection,or both,through a greater thickness of the atmo-sphere or through a portion of atmosphere where light energytransmission is relatively poorer than clear,haze-free atmo-spheric conditions.This type of film is used for detection ofdifferent types of vegetation,diseas
11、ed plants,soil/rock condi-tions or land/water boundaries within the constraints of theunderstanding of conditions of the data collection and inter-pretation.2.1.2 color filmor conventional color or natural colorfilm exposed to all visible wavelengths(0.4 to 0.7 m).Usesinclude identifying soil types,
12、rock outcrops,industrial stock-piles,and shorelines within the constraints of the understand-ing of the conditions of data collection and interpretation.These data are limited due to 88fogging”,that is,poor hazepenetration,associated with the exposure to blue wavelengths.2.1.3 color IRa form of fals
13、e-color,reversal film thatshows false colors for natural features and is exposed as isblack-and-white IR film.Absence of exposure to the bluewavelengths allows for haze penetration or higher quality datacollection,or both,through a greater thickness of the atmo-sphere or through a portion of atmosph
14、ere where light energytransmission is relatively poorer than clear,haze-free atmo-spheric conditions.Natural,healthy,deciduous foliage appearsred where as painted,artificial foliage or coniferous vegetationappears purple.This film is also used for detection of diseasedplants,insect infestation or ot
15、her stressed vegetation,soil/rockconditions,including moisture content variations,or land/water boundaries within the constraints of the understanding ofthe conditions of data collection and interpretation.2.1.4 imageryusually reserved for reference to data col-lected by electro-mechanical methods.T
16、hese methods includemulti-spectral scanners(MSS),such as the instrument on U.S.LANDSAT satellites or the thematic mapper(TM)scanner,that collect reflected or emitted energy and record the magni-tude of this energy.2.1.5 index or photo indexusually a mosaic of photo-graphs,uncorrected for geometric distortion,that has been1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.01 on Surface andSubsurface Characterization.Cu
