1、Designation:D586411Standard Test Method forDetermining Aerobic Aquatic Biodegradation of Lubricantsor Their Components1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5864;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year
2、 of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the degreeof aerobic aquatic biodegradation of fully formulated lubri-cant
3、s or their components on exposure to an inoculum underlaboratory conditions.1.2 This test method is intended to specifically address thedifficulties associated with testing water insoluble materialsand complex mixtures such as are found in many lubricants.1.3 This test method is designed to be appli
4、cable to alllubricants that are not volatile and are not inhibitory at the testconcentration to the organisms present in the inoculum.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establi
5、sh appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific hazards arediscussed in Section 10.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1293 Test Methods for pH of WaterD4447 Guide for Disposal of
6、 Laboratory Chemicals andSamplesD5291 Test Methods for Instrumental Determination ofCarbon,Hydrogen,and Nitrogen in Petroleum Productsand LubricantsE943 Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Envi-ronmental Fate2.2 ISO Standard:34259:1992(E)Petroleum ProductsDetermination and Ap-plication of
7、 Precision Data in Relation to Methods of Test2.3 APHA Standard:42540B Total Solids Dried at 103105C9215 Heterotrophic Plate Count3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Definitions of terms applicable to this test method thatare not described herein appear in the ASTM Online Dictionaryof Engineering Sci
8、ence and Technology5or Terminology E943.3.1.2 aerobic,adj(1)taking place in the presence ofoxygen,(2)living or active in the presence of oxygen.3.1.3 biodegradation,nthe process of chemical break-down or transformation of a substance caused by organisms ortheir enzymes.3.1.4 biomass,nbiological mate
9、rial including any mate-rial other than fossil fuels which is or was a living organism orcomponent or product of a living organism.3.1.4.1 DiscussionIn biology and environmental science,biomass is typically expressed as density of biological materialper unit sample volume,area,or mass(g biomass/g(or
10、/mLor/cm2)sample);when used for products derived fromorganisms biomass is typically expressed in terms of mass(kg,MT,etc.)or volume(L,m3,bbl,etc.).3.1.4.2 DiscussionProducts of living organisms includethose materials produced directly by living organisms asmetabolites(for example,ethanol,various car
11、bohydrates andfatty acids),materials manufactured by processing livingorganisms(for example:pellets manufactured by shreddingand pelletizing plant material)and materials produced byprocessing living organisms,their components or metabolites(for example,transesterified oil;also called biodiesel).1Thi
12、s test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.12 on Environmental Standards for Lubricants.Current edition approved March 1,2011.Published March 2011.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last p
13、revious edition approved in 2005 as D586405.DOI:10.1520/D5864-11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3
14、Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036.4From Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,latestedition.Available from the American Public Health Association,1015 18th St.,N.W.,Washington,DC 20036.5ASTMOnlineDictionaryofEn
15、gineeringScienceandTechnology(Stock#DEFONLINE)is available on theASTM website,www.astm.org,or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.5 blank,na flask containing the test medium
16、and theinoculum with no additional carbon source added.3.1.6 inoculum,nspores,bacteria,singlecelledorganisms,or other live materials,that are introduced into atest medium.3.1.7 lag phase,nthe period of physiological activity anddiminished cell division following the addition of microorgan-isms to a new culture medium.63.1.8 log phase,nthe period of growth of microorganismsduring which cells divide at a constant rate.63.1.9 mixed liquor,nthe contents of an aeration tankincluding the activated slu
