1、Designation:D613911Standard Test Method forDetermining the Aerobic Aquatic Biodegradation ofLubricants or Their Components Using the Gledhill ShakeFlask1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6139;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption o
2、r,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the degreeof aerobic aquatic biodegradat
3、ion of fully formulated lubri-cants or their components on exposure to an inoculum undercontrolled laboratory conditions.This test method is an ulti-mate biodegradation test that measures carbon dioxide(CO2)evolution.1.2 This test method is intended to specifically address thedifficulties associated
4、 with testing water insoluble materialsand complex mixtures such as are found in many lubricants.1.3 This test method is designed to be applicable to allnon-volatile lubricants or lubricant components that are nottoxic and not inhibitory at the test concentration to theorganisms present in the inocu
5、lum.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all the safetyconcerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropr
6、iate safety andhealth practices and to determine the applicability of regula-tory limitations prior to use.Specific hazards are discussed inSection 10.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1293 Test Methods for pH of WaterD4447 Guide for Disposal of Laborato
7、ry Chemicals andSamplesD5291 Test Methods for Instrumental Determination ofCarbon,Hydrogen,and Nitrogen in Petroleum Productsand LubricantsD5864 Test Method for Determining Aerobic Aquatic Bio-degradation of Lubricants or Their ComponentsE943 Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Envi-ronme
8、ntal Fate2.2 ISO Standard:34259:1992(E)Petroleum ProductsDetermination and ap-plication of precision data in relation to methods of test2.3 APHA Standards:42540B Total Solids Dried at 103105C9215 Heterotrophic Plate Count3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.2 Definitions of terms applicable to this test m
9、ethod thatare not described herein appear in theASTM Online Dictionaryof Engineering Science and Technology5or TerminologyE943.3.3 activated sludge,nthe precipitated solid matter,con-sisting mainly of bacteria and other aquatic microorganisms,that is produced at a domestic wastewater treatment plant
10、;activated sludge is used primarily in secondary sewage treat-ment to microbially oxidize dissolved organic matter in theeffluent.3.4 aerobic,adj(1)taking place in the presence ofoxygen;(2)living or active in the presence of oxygen.3.5 biodegradation,nthe process of chemical breakdownor transformati
11、on of a test material caused by organisms ortheir enzymes.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.12 on Environmental Standards for Lubricants.Current edition approved Jan.1,2011.Publish
12、ed March 2011.Originallyapproved in 1997.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D613900(2005).DOI:10.1520/D6139-11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the
13、 standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute,11 West 42nd St.,13thFloor,New York,NY 10036.4Methods from Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,latest edition.Available from the American Public Health Association(APHA)
14、,800I Street,NW,Washington,DC 20001.5ASTMOnlineDictionaryofEngineeringScienceandTechnology(Stock#DEFONLINE)is available on theASTM website,www.astm.org,or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.Un
15、ited States1 3.5.1 DiscussionBiodegradation is only one mechanismby which substances are removed from the environment.3.6 biomass,nbiological material including any materialother than fossil fuels which is or was a living organism orcomponent or product of a living organism.3.6.1 DiscussionIn biolog
16、y and environmental science,biomass is typically expressed as density of biological materialper unit sample volume,area,or mass(g biomass/g(or/mLor/cm2)sample);when used for products derived fromorganisms biomass is typically expressed in terms of mass(kg,MT,etc.)or volume(L,m3,bbl,etc.).3.6.2 DiscussionProducts of living organisms includethose materials produced directly by living organisms asmetabolites(for example,ethanol,various carbohydrates andfatty acids),materials manufactured by process
