1、Designation:D451600(Reapproved 2010)Standard Practice forStandardizing Reverse Osmosis Performance Data1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4516;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revisi
2、on.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers the standardization of permeateflow and salt passage data for reverse osmosis(RO)systems.1.2 This practice is app
3、licable to waters including brackishwaters and seawaters but is not necessarily applicable to wastewaters.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns
4、,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD4194 Test M
5、ethods for Operating Characteristics of Re-verse Osmosis and Nanofiltration DevicesD6161 Terminology Used for Microfiltration,Ultrafiltration,Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes3.Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice,refer toTerminologies D1129 and D6161.3.2
6、 For description of terms relating to reverse osmosis,refer to Test Method D4194 and Terminology D6161.4.Summary of Practice4.1 This practice consists of calculating the permeate flowand salt passage of RO systems at a standard set of conditionsusing data obtained at actual operating conditions.5.Si
7、gnificance and Use5.1 During the operation of an RO system,system condi-tions such as pressure,temperature,conversion,and feedconcentration can vary,causing permeate flow and salt passageto change.To effectively evaluate system performance,it isnecessary to compare permeate flow and salt passage dat
8、a atthe same conditions.Since data may not always be obtained atthe same conditions,it is necessary to convert the RO dataobtained at actual conditions to a set of selected constantconditions,thereby standardizing the data.This practice givesthe procedure to standardize RO data.5.2 This practice can
9、 be used for both spiral wound andhollow fiber systems.5.3 This practice can be used for a single element or amulti-element system.However,if the RO system is brinestaged,that is,the brine from one group of RO devices is thefeed to a second group of RO devices,standardize the permeateflow and salt p
10、assage for each stage separately.5.4 This practice is applicable for reverse osmosis systemswith high rejections and with no significant leaks between thefeed-brine and permeate streams.6.Procedure6.1 Standardization of Permeate Flow:6.1.1 Calculate the permeate flow at standard conditionsusing Eq 1
11、:Qps5FPfs2DPfbs22 Pps2 pfbs1ppsGTCFs!FPfa2DPfba22 Ppa2 pfba1ppaGTCFa!Qpa!(1)where:Qps=permeate flow at standard conditions,Pfs=feed pressure at standard conditions,kpa,DPfbs2=one half device pressure drop at standard condi-tions,kpa,Pps=permeate pressure at standard conditions,kpa,pfbs=feed-brine os
12、motic pressure at standard condi-tions,kpa,pps=permeate osmotic pressure at standard conditions,kpa,1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and IonExchange Materials.Current edition approved May 1,201
13、0.Published May 2010.Originallyapproved in 1985.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D4516 00(2006)1.DOI:10.1520/D4516-00R10.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,
14、refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 TCFs=temperature correction factor at standard condi-tions,Qpa=permeate flow at actual conditions,Pfa=feed pressure at actual
15、conditions,kpa,DPfba2=one half device pressure drop at actual conditions,kpa,Ppa=permeate pressure at actual conditions,kpa,pf ba=feed-brine osmotic pressure at actual conditions,kpa,ppa=permeate osmotic pressure at actual conditions,kpa,andTCFa=temperature correction factor at actual conditions.6.2
16、 Standardization of Salt Passage:6.2.1Calculate the salt passage at standard conditionsusing Eq 2:%SPs5EPFa/EPFs#3STCFa/STCFs#3Cfbs/Cfba!3Cfa/Cfs!3%SPa(2)where:%SPs=percent salt passage normalized to standard(ref-erence)conditions,%SPa=percent salt passage at actual conditions,EPFs=average element permeate flow at standard(ref-erence)conditions,EPFa=average element permeate flow at actual condi-tions,STCFs=salt transport temperature correction factor atstandard(reference)conditions,STCFa=salt tr
