1、Designation:D499107(Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Method forLeakage Testing of Empty Rigid Containers by VacuumMethod1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4991;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year
2、of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the testing of empty containersfor resistance to leakage under differential pressure conditionss
3、uch as those which can occur during air transport.It is suitablefor testing rigid containers intended for the transportation ofsome hazardous liquids in accordance with the United NationsRecommendations On The Transport Of Dangerous Goods(UN TDG)and the International Civil Aviation OrganizationTechn
4、ical Instructions For The Safe Transport Of DangerousGoods By Air(ICAO TIs).1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine
5、the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD3078 Test Method for Determination of Leaks in FlexiblePackaging by Bubble Emission2.2 United Nations Document:ST/SG/AC.10/1 Recommendation
6、s On The Transport OfDangerous Goods32.3 International Civil Aviation Organization:DOC 9284-AN/905 Technical Instructions For The SafeTransport Of Dangerous Goods By Air43.Terminology3.1 Definitions:Terms and definitions used in this testmethod may be found in Terminology D996.3.2 Definitions of Ter
7、ms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 rigid containera container sufficiently rigid thatunder a positive pressure of 100-kPa gage the volumetricexpansion does not exceed 0.5%,such as a glass bottle.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 An empty rigid container to be tested is pressurized byimmersion in an ethyle
8、ne glycol-water solution in a transparenttest chamber and subjected to a gradually increasing partialvacuum.The container is observed for signs of leakage,asevidenced by escaping air bubbles during depressurization orfluid in the container after re-pressurization.5.Significance and Use5.1 Containers
9、 may be pressurized in accordance with thistest method without modification to the closure or to the bodyof the container.This test method may be used for testing rigidcontainers intended for the transportation of some liquids by airin accordance with the ICAO TIs or in accordance with the UNTDG.5.2
10、 This test method establishes the point at which leakagecommences,with a limit of approximately 95-kPa(13.8-psi)differential.See Test Method D3078 for flexible packages.5.3 This test method may not be suitable for some packages,such as packages with paper cap seals,where the test fluid mayrapidly de
11、teriorate the packaging.6.Apparatus6.1 Transparent Vessel,large enough to permit the testspecimen(s)to be immersed in the test fluid with a minimumheadspace of 20%,capable of withstanding at least 112-atmpressure differential,fitted with a flat vacuum-tight cover isrequired.6.2 Vacuum Gage,Inlet Tub
12、e from a Source of Vacuum,andOutlet Tube to the Atmosphere,shall be sealed into the cover.The inlet and outlet tubes shall be equipped with handoperatedvalves.The vacuum gage shall be laboratory quality with afull-scale range from 0 to 100 kPa(0 to 14.5 psi)with1This test method is under the jurisdi
13、ction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on ShippingContainers and Systems-Application of Performance Test Methods.Current edition approved May 1,2015.Published July 2015.Originally approvedin 1994.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D4991
14、 07.DOI:10.1520/D4991-07R15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from United Nations Sales S
15、ection,United Nations,New York,NY10017.4Available from Intereg Group,Inc.,5724 N.Pulaski Rd.,Chicago,IL 60646.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 minimum graduations no greater than 2 kPa(0.3 psi)andaccuracy to within 1%.A sui
16、table moisture trap,to preventback-flow of liquid,should be fitted between the vacuum gageand the source of vacuum.6.3 Solution of Ethylene Glycol in Water,50%by Volumefor use as a test fluid,at ambient temperature unless otherwisespecified,is required.Where a test temperature other thanambient is specified,the solution shall be at the specified testtemperature.Other solutions may be required for high and lowtemperatures.NOTE1If ethylene glycol antifreeze solution is used,it should beclarified b
